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1	"Johannes Spangler came to the Port of Philadelphia, August 17, 1731, from the Palatinate, in the ship "Samuel" Hugh Piercy, Master, was no exception to the rule. He and his descendants have had their full share of the solid, every-day work in making the Commonweaalth what it is." (Source - "Commemorable Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania", Volume 1, Beers & Co., 1898.) NITTANY VALLEY UNION (LUTHERAN-REFORMED) CONGREGATION MARION TOWNSHIP, CENTRE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA The present Emanuel United Church of Christ of Jacksonville, Marion Township, Centre County, was organized about 1812 by Rev. Henry Rassman as a Union Church with trustees Henry Hoy and John Yarger. It was composed of German Reformed and Lutherans. The two denominations unitedly elected elders and deacons and attended services together whenever a pastor was available. In 1816 Henry Hoy deeded to Melchior Dunkle and Joseph Baker, as trustees, one acre of land for considedration of $12. It was expressly stipulated in the deed that the ground be used "for German Calvinistic and Lutheran Evangelical purposes, and converted to no other use whatsoever." They bujilt a small log meeting-house in which they worshiped until 1851 when a new church was built. In the spring of 1852 the Lutherans withdrew, leaving it a German Reformed Church. Three lots of ground were purchased in 1874 and the present brick structure was erected adjacent to the origtinal churchyard. The German Reformed Church as later known as Emanuel Evangelical and Reformed Churc. It was renamed Emanuel United Church of Christ in 1957. This record of the church's baptisms for the period 1812 to 1859 was located and turned over to the Centre County Library and Historical Museum in 2002. The header at the top of page 1 in the original register (in German) states that the congregation "in Nittany Valley, Centre County, was retained by Rev. Henry Rassman, preacher there from 12 May Anno Domini 1811." The information given above as historical background is taken from "The Cemeteries of Marion and Walker Townships, Centre County, Pennsylvania," (1999), page 13, published by the Centre County Genealogical Society - eds. of the Publications Committee being Ellen Copper, Dorothy Bordner and Edward Keller. "The following was taken from the records of Nittany Valley Union (Lutheran - Reformed) Church in Marion Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. It was translated by Jack Cower and typed by Fred Houtz in 2003. Catharina, born August 21, 1813, baptized September 26, 1813, daughter of Johannes and Elisabeth Spagler. Sponsors Jacob Snyder and Elisabeth Spangler. Elisabeth, born June 23, 1815, baptized August 27, 1815, daughter of Johannes and Elisabeth Spangler. Sponsors the parents. Emeleisen, born January 8, 1837, baptized July 16, 1839, son of Michael and Babara Spangler. Sponsors the parents. This may be Ann Elizabeth, born February 28, 1837. No name, month born not shown, 10th day 1838, baptized March 24, 1839, child of Michael and Barbara Spangler. No sponsors listed. This is James born October 10, 1838. M.aria Caroline, born January 27, 1842, baptized August 28, 1842, daughter of Michael and Barbara Spangler, Sponsors the parents." This make a compelling case that Johannes Spangler is the father of Michael Spangler married to Barbara McKinney who later came to Clarion County, Pennsylvania. (Note to File - JP Rhein) "Col. Jackson Levi Spangler, the sixth generation from Johannes, the elder, is the eldest son of John Spangler and Annie Berger, and was born in Adamstown, Snyder County, Pennsylvania, September 27, 1849." (Source - "Commemorable Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania", Volume 1, Beers & Company, 1898). I have not been able to identify the son of Johannes Spangler and the line to Col. Spangler. The following is listed for future reference and follow-up. (Note to File - JP Rhein) Commemorative Biographical Record of Central Pennsylvania: Including the Counties of Centre, Clearfield, Jefferson and Clarion: Containing Biographical Sketches of Prominent and Representative Citizens, Etc. Chicago: J. H. Beers, 1898. _______________________________________________ COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD, pages 54-55 JACKSON LEVI SPANGLER, of Bellefonte, Centre county. Achievements more than words, things done rather than things said, have constituted the contribution of the German element of our population to the great political and industrial fabric which has been reared upon the foundations laid by William Penn for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania more than two hundred years ago. Johannes Spangler, who came to the port of Philadelphia August 17, 1731, from the Palatinate, in the ship "Samuel," Hugh Piercy master, was no exception to the rule. He and his descendants have had their full share of the solid, every-day work in making the commonwealth what it is. Col. Jackson Levi Spangler, the sixth generation from Johannes, the elder, is the eldest son of John Spangler and Annie Berger, and was born in Adamsburg, Snyder Co., Penn., September 27, 1849. His early life was without special incident. He attended the common schools of Snyder county until 1860, when his father removed to Centre county, and has resided at Centre Hall, in one of the most beautiful valleys of Pennsylvania, from that time until this, except during his official term as sheriff of Centre county, to which office he was elected in the year 1877. Col. Spangler attended the common schools in Centre county and was there fitted for Dickinson Seminary at Williamsport, from which institution he graduated with honors in June, 1871. His relations with the seminary have been very cordial ever since. He delights in attending its commencements, and at the last commencement was the alumni orator, and entertained a large audience by his graphic and vivid description of the development of this portion of Pennsylvania. He entered the office of Orvis & Alexander in the latter part of 1871, pursued the study of the law diligently and with success, and was admitted to the Bar of Centre County in January, 1874. He at once took his rank in the legal profession, and his abilities were so quickly recognized that in the summer of the same year he was nominated for the office of District Attorney of Centre county, and was elected by a large majority in the fall of the year. He filled the office ably and acceptably to the people for the full term of three years, and would have undoubtedly been renominated and re-elected in 1877 but for the fact that he declined a renomination, apparently for the reason that his father was a candidate for sheriff in that year. Col. Spangler continued the practice of his profession, after his official term ceased, for a number of years alone, and subsequently, as the senior member of the firm of Spangler & Hewes. He had high standing at the Bar, and was an especially persuasive advocate, his genial disposition and temper making him an especial favorite with the jury. During his professional life he was also interested in local politics, in reference to which he was always an influential adviser in his party. He was the chairman of the Democratic County Committee during the celebrated campaign of 1880, when Gen. Hancock received a majority of 996-an unusual one in Centre county, and larger than that of any other Presidential nominee since. In 1890 he was the cordial choice of his county for the nomination of Congress in the Twenty-eight District, and would have undoubtedly been nominated at the conference of the representatives of the several counties, but the fact that his nice sense of honor forbade his making an arrangement which he thought was not in accordance with an implied promise he had made. His mental equipment and education would have fitted him admirably as a successful candidate of his party, and if nominated, he would undoubtedly have been elected, and those who knew him best are satisfied that the district would have been worthily represented, in case of his election. Col. Spangler's services in the National Guard of Pennsylvania have been valuable and almost unique. In 1877, at the time of the great railroad riots which convulsed the country, he accompanied Gen. Beaver, then commanding the 5th Division of the National Guard, as a volunteer aide, when the Division was called into action. The headquarters were established at Altoona, where there was great unrest and much dissatisfaction on the part of the employees of the Pennsylvania railroad. A careful investigation of the situation revealed the fact that the ferment was largely maintained by the demagogical appeals of a man who had lately come into the community, and was little known, but who had exerted a great influence by his street-corner addresses to the crowds which assembled to hear him. The civil powers seemed to be paralyzed, and neither mayor nor sheriff would undertake to arrest the disturber of the peace. At the request of Gen. Beaver, Col. Spangler (then without military rank) and Major M'Farlane were sworn in by the mayor as deputy policemen. The second day after their arrival at Altoona, they located this man in a saloon, had a carriage driven to the door, arrested him, hurried him to the carriage and drove to Hollidaysburg, the county seat of Blair county, before the fact of his arrest became known. From that day the spirit of unrest at Altoona decreased, and it was not long before complete order was restored. In recognition of his services, Gen. Beaver recommended him for aide upon his staff, with the rank of major, which was promptly confirmed by Gen. Hartranft, then Governor of the Commonwealth. Immediately after the unprecedented disaster caused by the flood at Johnstown in the latter part of May, 1889, Col. Spangler, who was in that part of Cambria county, hurriedly repaired to Johnstown in company with Gen. Hastings, and was so overwhelmed with the necessity for prompt action on the part of all who could render service to the afflicted people there, that he remained upon the ground and volunteered to render such service as he might, in the distribution of provisions to those who were in need. He organized the Commissary Department, and was so efficient in the discharge of his duties connected therewith that, in recognition of his services, he was appointed by Gen. Beaver, then Governor of the State, assistant commissary-general, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Most men discharge their duties in National Guard service because of rank previously bestowed; in Col. Spangler's case, however, the services were rendered, and the rank followed in recognition of them. So much impressed were the officers and men who were on duty in connection with the Commissary Department at Johnstown, that at the conclusion of their term of service they presented Col. Spangler with a handsome sword as recognition of their appreciation of the ability with which he had met all the requirements of the position. In the fall of 1887, Col. Spangler became acquainted (through several gentlemen who had the control of a number of options upon coal lands in the northwestern corner of Cambria county) with the marvelous mineral wealth of this region. He visited this locality, and was impressed with its extent and value. As a result of it, he enlisted the interests of others in such a way as to induce an effort to secure control of a large body of coal in this neighborhood. As a result, the Blubaker Coal Co. was formed, of which he may be said to be the original founder. Others united with him, and the business was followed so intelligently and persistently that the company became the owner of some 12,000 acres of the best coal land in this region. Col. Spangler has continued as a director of the Blubaker Coal Co. since its organization, and is one of the prominent stockholders. As a result of this business connection, he became interested in the Sterling Coal Co., and when the business interests of the latter company increased in the region to such an extent as to demand active and energetic supervision, Col. Spangler was appointed general manager, and has resided in Hastings, acting in that capacity for several years. He had considerable experience at Bellefonte in the development of real estate, and became interested in this region in the Hastings Improvement Co., and was one of the original and energetic movers in the development of the Spangler Improvement Co. In recognition of the services rendered by him as treasurer and trustee of the latter company, village on the West branch of the Susquehanna, which is destined to be the center of a larger number of coal operations than any locality outside of Houtzdale basin, was named "Spangler." On March 24, 1890, Col. Spangler was married to Mrs. Eliza Wagner Holliday, and enjoys the domestic comfort to which he is entitled in his elegant and hospitable home at Bellefonte. Although so largely interested in this locality,and spending most of his time either at Hastings or Spangler, he maintains his residence in Bellefonte. We are persuaded that to no one man does northern Cambria county owe more of its recent development than to the subject of this sketch.	Family: F3330
2	Oil City Derrick July 16, 1959: Parker Pair Observes 60th Anniversary: Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Stewart of Parker RD 1 celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary Thursday, July 16, quietly at their home in Perry Township, Clarion County. Elizabeth Bartley, daughter of Samuel and Susan McCoy Bartley, and Samuel Stewart, son of Amos and Rebecca Blair Stewart were married in Dutch Hill July 16, 1899. They are the parents of three children, two of whom are deceased. A son, Lloyd B. Stewart, and wife live with them. They have two randchildren and three great-grandchildren. Mr. Stewart is a retired farmer. Both Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are members of Concord Presbyterian Church in Perry Township.	Family: F0325
3	George and Ruth married on December 28, 1936. After their honeymoon trip to Gettysburg and Washington D. C. they moved in with George's parents on the farm. Ruth taught 3rd grade at Porter Township Consolidated until the end of the school year. George got a job with Penn Power out of Clarion so they moved to a rental house near Limestone they called "the Eaker House". Mary Jane was born at home on 2/21/38. They moved to "the Deitz house" in 1939 to get even closer to Clarion for George's job. George bought some chickens so Ruth would "get out of the house." When World War II started copper was in demand for the war so there was not enough available to make electric lines. George heard from a friend that General Electric in Erie was hiring so he went there to work while he rented a room from a family. He was really lonely and when it was time for the corn harvest he quit his job and came home to help on the family farm. In 1942 George went to Greenville with his electric lineman tools to get a job building the new "Army Camp" at Reynolds. He stayed at a local farm until his brother-in-law, Bob Blair came to get a job as a carpenter and then his other brother-in-law, Jay Myers came to get a job as a carpenter. All three then roomed with the Morrison family on Rt. 18. When the "Army Camp" was finished Bob Blair joined the service and George went to work at Butler at the Power Station for 4-6 weeks. While in Butler George stayed with his cousin Geraldine. A Major Ponder from Reynolds Army Camp called George to come back to the Camp to work maintenance. In May 1943 George rented the upstairs of a house from Elma Reichard near Fredonia and then moved Mary Jane and Ruth to be with him. In April 1944 they purchased their store from the Winters family. It had previously been a small ice cream plant and ice cream parlor. During this time George was still working at the Reynolds Army Camp on the 4 - 11p.m. shift so Ruth and Mary Jane ran the store while he was at work. George was drafted in May or June of 1945 at age 29 (the cut off age was 30). He was sent to Camp Hill, Pa. and then sent to Camp Clayborn, Louisiana for basics. While he was at Camp Clayborn he had a tooth pulled, his jaw came out of joint as had happened in the past. This time his muscles were stretched enough even a large yawn would unhinge his jaw so he was given a medical discharge and sent home in August of 1945. He was hired back on the maintenance crew at Camp Reynold until Camp Reynolds was dismantled in 1945. From the close out sale at Camp Reynolds he purchased the Oak butcher block and a large table for the meat room at the store, wool blankets, large electric grill and metal bed frames. Over the years improvements were made to the store: They dug a basement for a furnace in 1945, put rental meat lockers in the old ice cream hardening room in 1946, black topped the area around the store in 1949 and finished the upstairs in 1950. For a short while after the war Harry Zuschlagh installed his barber chair at one end of the store.	Family: F1228
4	"Married on Thursday evening the 8th inst. [8 Oct 1812] by Rev. H. R. Wilson, John Bannister Gibson, Esq. to Miss Sally Galbraith, all of this Borough." Carlisle Gazette, Fri., October 16, 1812. Carlisle, Perry Co., PA. http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/pa/cumberland/newspapers/g1250001.txt	Family: F0564
5	(Source - Marriage record, Perry County Probate Court, New Lexington, Perry County, Ohio, USA, Marriage Book 1, page 94)	Family: F1320
6	Children of Charles Polliard and Anna Shenafelt are: i. James Leslie10 Polliard, born 26 Nov 1897 in Clarion County, Pa.; died 03 Sep 1973 in Butler County Memorial Hospital. He married Olga M. Massart; born 05 Apr 1898 in Irwin, Pa.; died 07 Mar 1971 in Butler County Memorial Hospital. ii. Freda Polliard, born 26 Dec 1899; died 08 Feb 1940. She married Clair W. Dickey; died 02 Sep 1966. iii. Max Polliard, born 15 Jun 1905; died 23 Aug 1984 in Sugar Creek Rest and Convalescent Home, 9 Worthington, Pa.. He married Grace E. Bartlett; born 04 Feb 1912 in New Kensington, Pa.; died 22 May 2001 in Chicora Medical Center, Chicora, Pa.. iv. Margaret A. Polliard, born 1912. She married (1) John Howard. She married (2) Joseph Alsbaugh; born 07 Jun 1909; died 1970. She married (3) John Lapinski. She married (4) Clark Spillman.	Family: F1199
7	Children of Effie Polliard and Marvin Colwell are: i. Wilbur Pierce10 Colwell, born Sep 1898; died Jan 1956. He married Tressa Domiana. ii. Mertya Irene Colwell, born Aug 1900. She married Charles Varner; born 1898; died 1954. iii. Edgar Earl Colwell, born Dec 1903. He married Flora Parks. iv. Margaret Luceita Colwell, born Jan 1905; died Mar 1966. She married (1) John James Inman. She married (2) Russell Bouch. v. Mildred Grace Colwell, born Dec 1906. She married Thomas Milliron. vi. Delbert Marcus Colwell, born Apr 1909; died Apr 1966. He married Margaret E. Wood Oct 1926.	Family: F1224
8	Children of Emma Polliard and Charles Faust are: i. William Charles10 Faust, born 1901; died 1959 in Butler County, Pa.. He married Elizabeth Lightner; born 1901; died 1988. ii. Charles Henry Faust.	Family: F1203
9	Children of Emma Slaugenhaupt and Robert Logan are: i. Malcolm Ray10 Logan, born 26 Aug 1890. ii. Dale Faith Logan, born 26 May 1895. iii. John Kenneth Logan.	Family: F1204
10	Children of Emmet Polliard and Jennie Jack are: i. Ralph Orlanda10 Polliard, born 17 Mar 1894; died 11 Nov 1961. He married Clara Irene Tosh; born Apr 1897; died Jul 1962. ii. Clair Raymond Polliard, born 26 Jan 1895; died 20 Nov 1947. He married (1) Suzanna Belle Collingwood 17 Nov 1915; born Jan 1898; died Aug 1930. He married (2) Violet Coleman Abt. 1932; born WFT Est. 1892-1916; died Jan 1939. iii. David Evans Polliard, born 12 Mar 1898; died 22 Jan 1920. iv. Morton Henry Polliard, born 05 Jan 1901; died 06 May 1949. He married Catherine Hindman; born 01 Apr 1902; died Nov 1986 in Brookville, Jefferson Co., Pa.. v. Dorothy Blanch Polliard, born 18 Jun 1904 in Monroe Twp., Clarion Co., Pa.; died 1987 in Washington Township, Westmoreland Co., Pa.. She married Glenn R. McElhattan; born 24 Dec 1896; died Jun 1973. vi. Mildred Lucille Polliard, born 07 May 1906 in New Bethlehem, Pa.; died 30 Sep 1985 in West Haven Nursing Home. She married Eugene Aulerich; born 28 Sep 1905 in Springdale, Pa.; died 17 Apr 1989 in Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pa..	Family: F1220
11	Children of Frank Polliard and Jessie Himes are: i. Iva Flo10 Polliard, born 1892; died 1905. ii. Gale Brown Polliard, born 26 Nov 1894 in New Bethlehem, Pa.; died 05 Jul 1957. He married Grace Pearl Wright 27 Feb 1926; born 24 Jun 1891 in Butte, Colorado; died Mar 1970. iii. Bernice Marie Polliard, born 1896; died 1898. iv. Grace Leora Polliard, born 10 Jun 1899 in Porter Township, Pa.; died 20 May 1988 in Greentree, Pa. She married Leslie Vernon Stitt 09 Jul 1919 in Cumberland, Maryland; born 11 Dec 1894 in Cherry Run, Rimersburg, Pa.; died 27 Feb 1973 in Greentree, Pa. v. Francis Eugene Polliard, born 21 Oct 1904; died 01 Jun 1985. He married Clara Stumpf Abt. 1930; born 06 Jul 1902; died 24 Dec 1991. vi. Genevieve Mae Polliard, born 09 Sep 1908; died 16 Mar 1963. She married Charles Conklin 21 Jun 1934; died 1947. vii. Glen Dean Polliard, born 1912; died 1912. 80 viii. Garnet Kathleen Polliard, born 21 Sep 1916; died 15 Nov 1969. She married William Morgan Sharrer 10 Jun 1936; born 29 Jan 1914; died 1993.	Family: F1200
12	Children of George Polliard and Augusta Mohney are: i. Clarence Latimer10 Polliard, born 20 Aug 1898; died Dec 1975. He married Mary Elizabeth Haupt 26 Jun 1919 in Wellsburg, West Virginia; born 07 Mar 1902 in Hawthorne, Pa.; died 22 Jan 1969 in Natron Heights, Pa.. ii. Roland Charles Polliard, born 14 Oct 1899 in New Bethlehem, Pa.; died 30 Oct 1973 in Sunnyview Home. He married Mary Cecelia Snyder; born 17 Mar 1905 in Kittanning, Pa.; died 30 Oct 1973 in Butler County Memorial Hospital. iii. Eileen Roberta Polliard, born 08 Oct 1902; died Jan 1975. She married (1) Edward Williams Bef. 1920. She married (2) Roy Strong Bef. 1936; died 1962. iv. Harry Winfield Polliard, born 14 Mar 1907; died Mar 1983 in Sarver, Butler Co., Pa..	Family: F1222
13	Children of George Polliard and Della Geist are: i. Sarah Ellen10 Geist, born Jul 1916. She married Theodore Fleming. ii. Violet Jean Polliard, born 30 May 1920 in Natrona, Pa.; died 06 May 2000 in Natron Heights, Pa. She married William Moxon; died 1975. 145 iii. Elizabeth Jane Polliard, born Aug 1922; died 10 May 2002. She married James Stephen Norris, Sr. 19 Sep 1942; born 15 Sep 1920 in Brackenridge, Pa.; died 10 May 2002 in Concordia Care Nursing Home, Sarver, Pa. iv. George Latimer Polliard, Jr., born Jan 1925. v. Frank Oliver Polliard, born Jan 1928. He married Virginia Leslie. vi. Robert Edwin Polliard, born 20 Oct 1933; died Apr 1976.	Family: F1223
14	Children of George Polliard and Minerva Duncan are: i. Pauline10 Polliard, born 1897; died 1914 in Texas. ii. Norma Polliard, born 18 May 1900; died Feb 1990. She married Venton L. Doughtie; born 22 Apr 1897; died 20 May 1987. Notes for Venton L. Doughtie: According to a letter from Mr. and Mrs. Venton Doughty to Cheryl McDonald they sold their property in Austin, Texas to John Wayne for a Western Museum that was never built.	Family: F1216
15	Children of Harry Polliard and Etna Crowe are: i. Thelma10 Polliard, born 16 May 1905; died 19 Sep 1993. She married Alvin Erk; born Oct 1901; died Jun 1964. ii. Jessie Virginia Polliard, born Sep 1907; died Nov 1959. She married James Anderson May 1926; born Apr 1906; died Mar 1950. iii. Margaret Colletta Polliard, born Jun 1912; died Jul 1957. iv. Harry Edwin Polliard, Jr., born 09 Feb 1915; died 02 Mar 1915. v. Thomas Terry Polliard, born 11 Mar 1917; died Apr 1983. He married Felicia Betz Sep 1941; born 13 Jan 1911; died 18 Nov 1993 in Freedom, Beaver Co., Pa. vi. Freda Romaine Polliard, born 23 Sep 1919; died 15 Nov 1999. She married Alvin Lee Kennedy Jan 1960; born Feb 1918. vii. Betty Jane Polliard, born Feb 1923; died Sep 1978. She married Michael M. Delia Jan 1942; born Feb 1917. 138 viii. Glenn Edwin Polliard, born Jan 1926; died May 1933.	Family: F1221
16	Children of James Slaugenhaupt and Nettie Armogost are: i. Ruby A.10 Slaugenhaupt, born 28 Dec 1891. She married Frank Green in Kennewick, Washington; born 1888; died 1978. ii. Bernard Armogast Slaugenhaupt, born 28 Sep 1895 in Clarion County, Pa.; died 28 Oct 1959. He married Erma W. McAulay 03 May 1920 in Richland, Washington; born 20 Dec 1899; died 1984.	Family: F1205
17	Children of John Polliard and Mabel Hetrick are: i. Amelia Polliard. ii. Daniel Polliard, died 1925. iii. Florence Polliard, died 1918. iv. Frances Polliard. v. Fredrick E. Polliard, born 29 Jan 1912; died 1966. He married Anna. vi. John Earl Polliard, born 08 Sep 1916 in Pittsburgh, Pa.; died 28 Mar 1968 in Colorado Springs, Co. He married (1) Mildred Rose McGlothin Bef. 1940; born 20 Jun 1917 in Shawnee, Ok. He married (2) Lois Jayne (Scholz) Shafer VanZant 01 Sep 1961 in Colorado Springs, Co; born 15 Nov 1923 in Lake Forrest, Ill.	Family: F1225
18	Children of John Polliard and Mary Mays are: i. Cora May9 Polliard, born 09 Jun 1879; died 22 Sep 1937. ii. George Emerson Polliard, born 25 May 1881; died 21 Nov 1909. iii. Emma Jane Polliard, born 24 May 1884; died 19 Apr 1967. iv. Alma Elizabeth Polliard, born 01 Oct 1886; died 25 Jul 1952. v. Laura Agnes Polliard, born 14 Oct 1888; died 10 Sep 1967. vi. Grace Edna Polliard, born 19 Mar 1892; died 29 Oct 1965. vii. John Francis Polliard, born 19 Mar 1894 in Renfrew, Pa.; died 29 Jan 1962. viii. Eugene William Polliard, born 19 May 1895 in Renfrew, Pa.; died 1974. ix. Mary Irene Polliard, born 12 Aug 1900; died 20 May 1932. She married Mark W. Walters 19 Jul 1923.	Family: F1194
19	Children of Joseph Polliard and Mary Hetrick are: i. Avenella10 Hetrick. ii. Ruth Polliard, born 07 Dec 1907; died 02 Jun 1998 in Tylersburg, Clarion County, Pa.. She married Clarence Slagle. iii. Clifton Harold Polliard, born Apr 1910; died 1962. He married Cecelia L. Zacherl; born 18 Jan 1914; died 26 Feb 1992.	Family: F1226
20	Children of Margaret Polliard and George Wensel are: i. Ira Leslie10 Wensel. ii. Hattie F. Wensel, born 1881; died 1930. She married Edmond E. Brasseur. iii. John M. Wensel, born Apr 1883. iv. Robert E. Wensel, born Apr 1886. v. Frank Dale Wensel, born May 1891; died 1959. He married Jane M. Latimer; born 1891; died 1975. vi. Roxie Alverda Wensel, born Dec 1893. She married Ernest Clyde Mohney. vii. Bertha A. Wensel, born 30 Nov 1895. viii. Evelyn Grace Wensel, born 17 Sep 1899; died 30 Aug 1974.	Family: F1196
21	Children of Nancy Polliard and Robert Covert are: i. Clarence10 Covert, born 1897; died 1922 in Butler, Pa. ii. Caroline Covert, born 1898; died 1971 in Butler. Pa.. iii. Paul Covert, born 1899; died 1933 in Butler. Pa.. iv. Mildred Covert. She married Lee Kennedy. v. Alverda Covert, born 1907; died 1960 in Butler. Pa.. vi. Helen Covert, born 1909 in Butler, Pa.; died 1977 in Butler, Pa.. She married ? Anderson.	Family: F1202
22	Children of Thomas Polliard and Mary Stouffer are: 65 i. Florence L.10 Polliard, born 20 Nov 1901 in Glendale, California; died 30 Dec 1979. She married Clarence Jerome Ruzicka 18 Mar 1931 in Glendale, California. 66 ii. Edith Polliard. 67 iii. Lester Lee Polliard, born 1893; died 1928 in Redlands, California. He married Louella McCann; born 03 Feb 1896 in St. Clairsville, Ohio; died Sep 1967.	Family: F1197
23	Children of Thomas Slaugenhaupt and Laura Hepler are: i. Dr. Jessie Gale10 Slaugenhaupt, born Jul 1885; died Bef. 1994. ii. Grace Slaugenhaupt, born Mar 1887 in Sligo, Pa.; died Bef. 1994. She married Karl Newell. iii. Stella L. Slaugenhaupt, born 03 Oct 1891 in Porter Township, Clarion Co., Pa.; died 13 Mar 1994 in Clarion County, Pa.. She married Howard Dueering. iv. Mary Gladyls Slaugenhaupt, born Jul 1894; died Bef. 1994. She married A. Jerry Wisch. v. Bernard Slaugenhaupt.	Family: F1206
24	Fairfield County, Marriages, Volume 1, 1800-1835,from The Fairfield County Probate Court and The Fairfield County Recorder's Office, page 40	Family: F1319
25	In 1850 family is residing in Plumcreek (now South Bend) Township, Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.	Family: F1264
26	In 1860 the family is residing in Porter Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania. Theophilus' occupation is listed as shoemaker. An Isabell Smith, age 33, is residing with the family. She may be the sister of Theophilus. (Source - 1860 Federal Census for Clarion County, Pennsylvania.)	Family: F1262
27	James and Margaret (Smith) Craig, spent their entire lives in County Antrim, Ireland (in conflict with comments above), where the former engaged in farming (occupation in conflict with comment above). Their son William Craig, also a native of that county, left Ireland July 17, 1783, and after a voyage of six weeks on the "Dublin Volunteer," he landed in Philadephia. William's brother, Alexander Craig, a quartermaster in the British army during the Revolutionary war, became impressed with this country, he tried to sell his commission with the intention of remaining in America. He had written William to this effect, but for some reason he returned to Ireland, where he remained. In the meantime, however, William had started for America, and, on his arrival in Philadephia, remained in that city for a short time, but later went in search of a cousin in New Jersey. Subsequently they lived for a few years in Lancaster, Penn., where he met and married Miss Mary Richards, and from there removed to Erie county. In 1811, he went to Indiana county, and in 1834 came to Clarion county, taking up their residence in Toby township when it still formed a part of Armstrong county. They removed to Limestone township, Clarion county, in 1856, and there made their home until called to their final rest, their remains being interred in the Association Church cemetery in Rimersburg. Mr. Craig was a farmer by occupation, was an excellent penman, and was a prominent member of the Secedar Church. His children, who are all now deceased, were as follows: John R. and Alexander, woolen manufacturers; William, a farmer; James, a millwright who built the first mill in Clarion county; Robert, father of our subject; Washington, a millwright and merchant; Martha, wife of William Thompson; David R., who conducted a gristmill; Rufus, a farmer; and Amanda M., wife of Samuel Myers.	Family: F1308
28	Marriage Notes for Elsie Polliard and Seth Stewart: From "Stewart Family History" by Nancy Stewart Moore, "Presented to Gale and Esther Stewart on June 25,1977 at the Celebration of Their 55th Wedding Anniversary. "Seth C. Stewart, son of David and Ellen Stewart, was born on June 21, 1861, in West Freedom, Pa. Seth often visited his uncle Robert Stewart who lived in Clarion County. It was through these visits that he met young Elsie Elmira Polliard, the only daughter of William and Nancy Pence Polliard. (Elsie was born September 22,1862.) In 1882, Seth and Elsie were married. They began their life together on what is today known as the Ken Stewart farm; in 1882 it was called the Old Hepler Farm. Seth and his wife lived in a log house located in the old pear orchard; their barn was on the opposite side of the road, between the present sites of Dick Stewart's trailer and Clair Murray's house. Four of the Seth children were born in the log house. While Nancy Ellen was still a baby, Seth and Elsie moved their family to Butler County. Seth had been working in the oil fields there to get enough money to build a house. While in Butler County, the Stewart's lost their fifth-born, Lulu Branch, from cholera. Nancy was also quite ill, but recovered. Carlton Craig was born the same fall that Lulu died (1889). After his birth, the Stewart family moved back to "Smith Corner" to the Charles Smith farm. Elsie made the trip with her children on the train. She often retold the story of how sick she became from the ride and of how some gentleman helped her with the children. Ralph Evans was the next child to be born in July, 1891. (Seth was still working in Butler County.) Baby Ralph died at the age of six months from brain fever. After this, Elsie moved with her children to Grandma Polliard's wash house, where Florence Mae was born in 1894. The wash house had two rooms upstairs and two down -- not much space for five children! The family moved again when "Floss" was six months old - this time to their original homestead, the Old Hepler Farm. They stayed in the old wagon shed while the new house was being built. Finally, when cold weather arrived in the late fall of 1894, Seth Stewart and his family moved into their new home. After the cramped quarters of the wash house and wagon shed, the new house was heaven! It had four bedrooms upstairs and one down, plus a spare room always kept open for the preacher's visits. All the kids were hard workers and helped with the milking and other chores. On October 2, 1921, Elsie Elmira (Polliard) Stewart died. Seth later remarried to Cora Jane (Smith) Hawk. They had no children. Seth C. died on May 12, 1942	Family: F0478
29	Marriage Notes for William Polliard and Lulu McDonald: Lulu and Frank probably saw each other at many community events before they started dating. Lulu was a member of the Methodist Church at Squirrel Hill and Frank was a member of the Presbyterian Church which merged with the Squirrel Hill church. Frank and Lulu's brothers played baseball on an informal baseball team. Also, Frank never seemed to mind going on errands to the Leatherwood Post Office because it required him to go past Lulu's family farm. Frank and Lulu were married at her parents' farm and started housekeeping on the "Fox" farm, just down the road from the Polliard farm. They rented the farm until after George was born and Carm (Frank's father) turned 50 and decided to retire from the farm. Carm's sale was held March 8, 1918. Idella (Frank's mother) did not want to sell the farm so Frank and Lulu rented the farm from Carm until Frank retired from farming in 1943 and moved to Butler. Frank's sale at the farm was on March 18, 1943. Frank traded horses and cows for extra income on the farm and Lulu raised chickens and turkeys. Frank would attend "sales" during the winter months to purchase the horses or cattle. As the days got colder he just kept adding layers of clothes to stay warm while attending these sales. Sometimes he ended up wearing 3 pairs of pants at a time! After Lulu raised the turkeys they would slaughter 40 to 50 of them, pack them in ice and ship them by train to Pittsburgh. They sold eggs and butter when they went "into town" (usually New Bethlehem) on Saturday night. Frank enjoyed playing baseball with Lulu's brothers but Lulu's father did not like them playing baseball on a Sunday. One time after Lulu and Frank were married Lulu's father made a surprise visit and caught everybody playing baseball. Saturday night was a big event for the entire community. Most families went in to town to shop and socialize with their neighbors. In the Polliard family each child received $.25 to spend on these outings. George usually bought a coconut with his money. Ethel Maye saved her money and bought a hat. Jane =must have saved her money for shoes because George got so tired of hearing her clomping around in her shoes that on one occasion he threw them over the hill. He also had a hard time understanding why Jane and Ethel Maye would "waste" their money on hats and shoes and could keep them to themselves but he had to "share" his coconut with everybody. Apparently a big treat for the family was to purchase "ground meat" on these Saturday night excursions. They would take it home to cook it that night for supper. Frank and Lulu "set a good table". Lulu always had two kinds of jelly or preserves, homemade bread,homemade butter, fresh or canned vegetables, home grown potatoes and either beef, ham or chicken. They would butcher a "beef" in the late fall and let it hang frozen in the "Spring House" all winter. When it started to thaw in the spring, Lulu would can the meat. They had ham they had cured themselves. They raised their own chickens and turkeys. For dessert there was usually two kinds of pie or a cake and canned fruit. Frank and Lulu were very active in the Grange. They were both members of the Initiating Committee which traveled to other Granges in the area to help initiate new members. Lulu played the piano for these ceremonies.	Family: F1109
30	Notes for Ezbon Err Polliard: Tryed homesteading in Kansas. A set of twins were born in Kansas, but died as infants. Children of Ezbon Polliard and Clara White are: i. Lelia Candas10 Polliard, born 28 Jul 1893 in Clarion County, Pa.; died 24 Jun 1966 in Slate Lick, Pa. She married Charles Ralston Otterman 31 Oct 1916; born 03 Jun 1885; died 30 Jun 1965 in Slate Lick, Pa. ii. Francis Aubrie Polliard, born 11 Jun 1900; died 18 May 1960. He married (1) Florence Mary Sipes Bef. 1922; born 15 Mar 1902 in South Buffalo Township, Pa.; died 13 Jan 1982 in Torrance, California. He married (2) Georgia Genevieve Abbaticco 19 Jul 1937; born 30 Sep 1908; died 04 Sep 1997 in Blue Ridge Haven Convalescent Center East, Susquehanna Twp., Pa.	Family: F1207
31	Pennsylvania 1910 Miracode Index Name: Frank McCall Birthplace: Pennsylvania State: PA Age: 41 Color: W Enumeration District: 0031 Visit: 0186 County: Clarion Relation: Head of Household Other Residents: Age Birth Place Wife Anna 38 Pennsylvania Son Paul B 12 Pennsylvania Son Arland F 11 Pennsylvania Daughter Grace 09 Pennsylvania Daughter Hazel 07 Pennsylvania 1920 United States Federal Census Name: Frank McCall Home in 1920: Toby, Clarion, Pennsylvania Age: 51 years Estimated birth year: abt 1869 Birthplace: Pennsylvania Relation to Head of House: Head Spouse's name: Aman Father's Birth Place: Pennsylvania Mother's Birth Place: Pennsylvania Marital Status: Married Race: White Sex: Male Home owned: Own Able to read: Yes Able to Write: Yes Image: 136 Frank McCall 51 Aman McCall 47 Paul V McCall 22 Hazel McCall 16 Jane McCall	Family: F1099
32	Perry County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogical Society, compiler, Perry County, Ohio Female Index To Marriage Records 1818-1914, Volume I: A-K (Junction City, Perry County, Ohio, USA: Perry County Chapter of the Ohio Genealogical Society, 1992), page 121	Family: F1326
33	The Kilmarnock Old Parish Register was sent to Pegi Males Nelson from the Baird Institute. “James Craig, shoemaker in Kilmarnock and Margaret Smith, daughter of the deceased John Smith, farmer in Wylieland in the Parish of Fenwick, both in this Parish, were booked on Saturday March 25,1751 and after orderly proclamation three several Sabbaths were married on Tuesday April 9, 1751 by Mr. Locke." There is a question mark after Locke as they were not sure of the writing. The Parish of Kilmarnock, County of Ayshire, Scotland, was created in medieval times to support the church. Ecclesiastical (quoad sacra) parishes were areas of land whose inhabitants were obliged to pay a proportion of their produce or income to the Church. In the 17th century the crown divided Scotland into burghs, sheriffdoms and parishes for the purpose of taxation. Between 1845 and 1860 civil (quoad civilia) parishes were established with elected parochial boards, these parishes continuing as units of local government until 1975. (Note to File - JP Rhein	Family: F1308
34	THE ORIGIN OF THE STEWARTS (This article is in some conflict with the line of descent as published by Henry Stewart Fothringham, The Stewarts, Volume 21, No 2 (2001), pages 97 to 100 which is set forth in its entirety in the Notes Section under Aminadab, the first in the maternal line of descent of Walter Fitz Alan, The First High Steward of Scotland. I have elected to retain Round's work here as a matter of record. Note to File - JP Rhein) ============================ By J. Horace Round, taken from "Studies in Peerage and Family History, Westminster, Archibald Constable and Co., Ltd., 1901, pages 115-146 Of the problems upon which new light is thrown by my Calendar of documents in France relating to English history, none, probably, for the genealogist, will rival in interest the origin of the Stewarts. It has long been known that the Scottish Stewarts and the great English house of Fitz Alan possessed a common ancestor in Alan, the son of Flaald, living under Henry the First. This was established at some length by Chalmers in his _Caledonia_ (1807) on what he declared to be "the most satisfactory evidence."* [Vol. I, pp. 572-575] According to him, "Alan the son of Flaald, a Norman, acquired the manor of Oswestrie, in Shropshire, soon after the Conquest," and "married the daughter of Warine, the famous sheriff of Shropshire." Mr Riddell, the well-known Scottish antiquary, followed up the arguments of Chalmers, in 1843, with a paper on the "Origin of the House of Stewart," [_Stewartiana_, pp. 55-70] in which he accepted and enforced the views of Chalmers, including his theory that Walter Fitz Alan brought with him to Scotland followers from Shropshire and gave them lands there. But research has hitherto been unable to determine the origin of Flaald father of Alan, or even to find, in England, any mention of his name. No less an authority on feudal genealogy than the late Mr Eyton devoted himself to a special investigation on the subject of Alan "Fitz Flaald," [_History of Shropshire_ (1858), VII. 211-232] and arrived at the conclusion that, after all, he was a grandson of "Banquo, thane of Lochaber,", whose son "Fleance" fled to England. "My belief is," Mr Eyton wrote, "that the son of Fleance was named Alan ... and that he whom the English called Alan Fitz Flaald was the person in question." [_Ibid_, p. 227. It is essential to bear in mind that the old Scottish writers made Walter, the first Steward, a son of 'Fleance', wholly _ignoring_ Alan his real father (see p. 119 below). This invalidates their whole story.] He admitted, however, of the priories of Andover, Sele, and Sporle, cells of the Abbey of St. Florent de Saumur, that he could "show a connection between Alan Fitz Flaald or his descendants and each of these cells [_Ibid_, p. 219], which suggested an Angevin origin, and for which he could not account. But where he really advanced our knowledge was in showing that Alan Fitz Flaald married, not (as alleged) a daughter of Warine the sheriff, but Aveline daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin, a great Domesday tenant. I have now been able to trace Ernulf to Hesdin (in Picardy) itself, in connection with which his daughter 'Ava' also is mentioned. [See Preface to my Calendar, p. xlviii.] In 1874, an anonymous work, _The Noman People_, approached the problem from the foreign side, and adduced evidence to prove that Flaald was a brother of Alan, seneschal of Dol. But there was still not forthcoming any mention of Flaald in England, while the rashness and inaccuracy which marred that book resulted in his being wrongly pronounced a "son of Guienoc." The great pedigree specially prepared a few years ago for the Stuart exhibition by Mr W. A. Lindsay (now Windsor Herald) still began only with Alan son of Flaald, to whom a daughter of Warine the sheriff was assigned as wife. Moreover, in the handsome work on _The Royal House of Stuart_ (1890), which had its origin in that exhibition, Dr. Skelton could only tell us that "there was (if the conclusions of Chalmers are to be accepted) an Alan son of Flathauld, a Norman knight, who soon after the Conquest obtained a gift of broad lands in Shropshire" (p. 5). Alan, we shall find, was not a Norman; the lands he was given were widely scattered; and he did not obtain them "soon after the Conquest.". The latest authoritative statement on the subject is that, it would seem, of Sheriff Mackay in the _Dictionary of National Biography_ (1896). [* This passage is found in the biography of the first Stewart king, so that I only lighted upon it after this paper was written. It gave me the clue to Mr. Hewison's book, of which I had not previously heard, but which I have now read just in time to add his results to this paper (24th Jan., 1900).] He tells us, of the House of Stewart, that "Its earlier genealogy is uncertain, but an ingenious and learned, though admittedly in part hypothetical, attempt to trace it to the Banquho of Boece and Shakespeare, Thane of Lochaber, has been recently made by the Rev. J. K. Hewison (_Bute in the Olden Time_ Vol. II, pp. 1-38, Edinburgh, 1895).* [Vol. XLVIII, p. 344.]" Mr Hewison's volume opens with the words: "The origin of the royal house of Stewart has long remained a mystery, perplexing historical students, who feel tantalized at knowing so little concerning the hapless victim of the jealousy of King Macbeth -- Banquo, round whom Shakespeare cast the glamour of undying romance, and to whom the old chroniclers of Scotland traced back the family of Stewart." The author's 'glamour' augurs ill, and in spite of the unique advantage he enjoyed in having access to the late Lord Crawford's MS. collections on the subject, we soon find ourselves wandering, alas, with Alice in Wonderland. "It may be concluded that Walter, the son of Fleadan, son of Banchu, is identical with Walter, son of [A]llan (or Flan), son of Murechach of the Lennox family, if not also with Walter, son of Amloib, son of Duncan of the oher genealogy. Chronology easily permits of the equation of Murdoch, the Maormor of Leven ... with Banchu ... who might have survived even his son Fleance -- we, meantime, only assuming that Fleance was slain in Wales. _Ban-chu_, the pale warrior, would be his complimentary title; the old surname of his family ... also descended to his son, _Flan-chu_, the red or ruddy warrior, known to his Irish kinsmen as Fleadan." We are surely coming to the _Man-chu_ dynasty. But no. "This Irish form of the name _Fleadan tan_ (i.e. either Fleadan the Tanist or Fleadan the younger) imports a significant idea -- namely, _flead_ ... a feast, which corresponds in signification with _Flaald_ ..." Then there bursts upon us yet another discovery: "_Fleanchus_ ... is the Latinised form of _Flann-chu_, the Red or Ruddy Dog ... and is also a sobriquet -- the Bloodhound. ... This nomenclature is evidently a reminiscence of the dog-totem or dog-divinity, etc., etc." There remains, however, the standing puzzle [See p. 116, note 2, above. It will be seen that to assert, as here, that Alan and 'Fleance' were the same will not overcome this difficulty.] why Walter the first Stewart was made by the old romancers a son of Fleance son of Banquo, though his father was indisputable Alan son of Flaald. One solution offered by our author is that "Ailin or Allan may have become the family name"; but his own view is that "The native name of Banquo's son would be the common Goidelic one _Flann_, which signifies rosy or fair, and has an equivalent in _Aluinn_, beautiful, fair, to which the word Alan, both in Britanny and Ireland, may be traced." Thus it was that 'Flann' would become 'Alan' in Britanny, "more especially when, in the vulgar tongue of Dol, the former, denoting a pancake, would sound like a nickname." And if we should still have our doubts, is there not, at Dol, to this day -- "an imposing edifice, built of granite, in the purest Norman style of architecture of the twelfth century, which tradition names 'La maison des Plaids,' and avers was the revenue office and court-house of the archbishops. this name, "the House of the Plaids," is touchingly significant of Fleance with the royal wearers of the tartan ..." But I really cannot pursue further these "ingenious and learned" new lichts. A dreadful vision of dog-totems, arrayed in the Stewart tartan, and feasting, with fiery visage, on pancakes in the streets of Dol, warns me to leave this realm of wonders and turn to the world in which we live. From "the House of the Plaids" I flee. [It is positively the lunch fact that the author so renders the name of the 'Maison des Plaids' here the (Arch)bishops are supposed to have held their pleas ("plaids").] Fortunately Flaald is a name, for practical purposes, unique; and we need not, therefore, hesitate to recognize in "Float filius Alani dapiferi" who was present (No. 1136) at the dedication of Monmouth; Priory (1101 or 1102) the long-sought missing link. We thus connect him with the fourth, the remaining cell of St. Florent de Saumur in England. But we have yet to account for his appearance as a 'baron' of the lord of Monmouth, William son of Baderon. The best authority on Domesday tenants, Mr. A. S. Ellis confessed that he had failed to trace the lords of Monmouth in Britanny. [_Domesday Tenants of Gloucestershire_, p. 46.] The key, however, to the whole connection is found in the abbey of St. Florent de Saumur and in its charters calendared in my work. In the latter half of the eleventh century many Bretons of noble birth were led to take the cowl. Among them was William, eldest son of that Rhiwallon, lord of Dol, whom, on the eve of the Norman Conquest, Duke William and Harold of England had relieved when he was besieged by his lord. Rhiwallon's son William, who was followed by his brother John (No. 1116), entered the abbey of St. Florent de Saumur, and became its abbot himself in 1070. Zealous in the cause of the house he ruled, he clearly urged its claims at Dol, receiving not only local gifts, but also, as its chronicle mentions, the endowments it obtained in England. Of the two families with which we are concerned the lords of Monmouth can, by these charters, be traced to __, the neighbourhood of Dol, for William son of Baderon confirms his father's gifts at Epiniac and La Boussac (No. 1134), which places lay together close to Dol. The presence among the witnesses to these charters of a Main or La Boussac and a Geoffrey of Epiniac affords confirmation of the fact. Guihenoc, the founder of the house in England (probably identical with "Wihenocus filius Caradoc de Labocac"), [Lobineau, _Histoire de Bretagne_, II, 219] undoubtedly became a monk of St. Florent, [_Calendar_, Nos. 1117, 1133] and resigned his English fief to his nephew William (son of his brother Baderon), who is found holding it in Domesday. Some charters were specially selected by me from the _Liber Albus_ of St. Florent (Nos. 1152-4) to illustrate, about the end of the Conqueror's reign, the little group of Dol families who were about to settle in England. [* It would, no doubt, be a rash conjecture that the "Herveus botellarius" of these charters (Nos. 1153, 1154) was the ancestor of those Herveys, from whom the Butlers of Ireland are descended. But if it should eventually prove to be no mere coincidence, the Butlership of Ireland would have had an origin curiously parallel to the Stewardship of Scotland.] Among the witnesses to one of them are Baderon and his son the Domesday tenant. But the one family we have specially to trace is that which held the office of "Dapifer" at Dol. "Alan Dapifer" is found as a witness, in 1086, to a charter relating to Mezuoit* [_Lobineau_, p. 250] (a cell of St. Florent, near Dol). He also, as "Alanus Siniscallus," witnessed the foundation charters of that house (_ante_ 1080) and himself gave it rights at Mezuoit with the consent of "Fledaldus frater ejus," the monks, in return, admitting his brother Rhiwallon to their fraternity. [_Ibid_, 137, 138, collated by me with the _Liber Albus_ at Angers.] He appears as a witness with the above "Badero" in No. 1152, and in 1086 as a surety with Ralf de Fougeres (No. 1154). Mentioned in other St. Florent documents, [_Ibid_ 232, 234] he is styled in one, "Dapifer de Dolo" [_Ibid_ 310]. And it is as "Alanus dapifer Dolensis" that he took part in the first crusade, 1097 [_Ordericus Vitalis_ (Societe de l'histoire deFrance), vol. III. 507]. This style is explained in a charter of 1095, recording a gift to Marmoutier by Hamo son of Main, with consent of his lord "Rivallonius dominus Doli castri, filius Johannis rchiepiscopi", in which we read: "Hoc donum factum est per manum Guarini monachi nostri de Lauda Rigaldi tunc temporis prioris Combornii, testibus his: Alano siniscalco Rivallonii predicti, etc. [* Transcripts from (Bretagne) cartulary of Marmoutier in MS. Baluze 77, fo. 134, and in MS. lat. 5441 (3) fo. 343. Alan is also brought into conjunction with this Hamo son of Main in No 1152.] His brother's son, Alan fitz Flaald (ancestor, as has been seen, of the Stuarts) also occurs, in these Breton documents, as releasing his rights in the church of "Guguen"* [Cuguen, near Dol] to Bartholomew abbot of Marmoutier; [_Lobineau_, II. 310; MS. lat. 5441 (3) fo. 235] while two charters of Henry I confirming the foundation of Holy Trinity Priory, York, as a cell of Marmoutier, and prior to 1108, contain his name as a witness (No. 1225). Again, a charter of donation to Andover Priory reveals him as present in the New Forest with William son of Baderon and "Wihenocus monachus" (William's uncle) early in the reign of Henry I [_Mon. Ang. VI. 993]. It was Alan also who founded Sporle Priory, Norfolk (No. 1149), on land he held there, as another cell of St., H Florent, the Bretons who witness his charter further attesting his origin. Among them is seen Rhiwallon "Extraneus," the founder of the Norfolk family of Le Strange, which, more than five centuries later, was so ardent in its loyalty to Alan's descendants, the Stuart kinds of England. [His name has hitherto remained doubtful, and is given as Roland in the _Dictionary of National Biography_ It will have been observed that "Float filius Alani dapiferi" is assumed above to have been the brother, not a son, of the crusader. This assumption is based upon the facts that the crusader's gift at Mezuoit as 'conceded' by his brother 'Fledald,' who was, therefore, his heir at the time, and that his office of "dapifer" at Dol was afterwards held -- a fact hitherto unsuspected -- by descendants of Alan fitz Flaald. The crusader, it must therefore be inferred, left no heir. The sudden rise of Alan fitz Flaald and his evident enjoyment of Henry's favour from the early years of the reign, were thought by Mr. Eyton to be due to his (fabulous) Scottish origin. But it might, with some probability, be suggested that his Breton origin accounts for the facts. When Henry was besieged in Mont St. Michel, he is known to have had Breton followers ("aggregatis Britonibus") and, after his surrender, "per Britanniam transiit, Britonibus qui sibi solummodo adminiculum contulerant, gratias reddidit" (Ordericus) [* Elsewhere, Orderic observes that Henry, "dum esset junior ... ut externus, exterorum, id est Francorum et _Britonum_ auxilia quaerere coactus est."]. Dol was his nearest town in Britanny, and Alan may thus, like Richard de Reviers, have served him across the sea, when he was but a younger son. It would seem, indeed, although the fact has been hitherto overlooked, that a group of families whom Henry had known when lord of the Cotentin were endowed by him when king with fiefs in England. In addition to Alan fitz Flaald, founder of the house of Stewart, and to Richard de Reviers, ancestor of the earls of Devon* [He is found, seemingly, in Domesday, holding a single lordship], the Hayes of Haye-du-Puits were given the Honour of Halnaker (Sussex), the Aubignys, afterwards earls of Arundel, obtained from him a fief in Norfolk; the two St. John brothers, from St. Jean-le-Thomas, were granted lands in Oxfordshire and Sussex, and founded another famous house [See my paper on "The Families of St. John and of Port" in _Genealogist_, July 1899, p. 1. And compare p. 66 above]; while the family of Paynel also, sprung from the Cotentin, owed to Henry lands in England. Among the documents calendered in my volume are Papal bulls to the abbey of St. Florent, ranging from 1146 to 1187 (Nos. 1124-9), which suggest that Alan's son William, who acquired by marriage Clun castle, must have bestowed its church of St. George, with all its dependent churches, on Monmouth Priory, a fact hitherto unsuspected. Mr Eyton thought that the gift of this church to Wenlock Priory by his widow (_tem._ Ric. I) represents the first occasion on which it is mentioned. Alan fitz Flaald has hitherto been credited with two well-known sons, William and Walter, ancestors respectively of the Fitzalans and the Stewarts [A third son, "Simon", is claimed as the ancestor of the Boyds, and is assigned to him, with William and Walter, in Mr. Lindsay's great Stewart pedigree, the standard authority on the subject. But although a Simon 'brother' of Walter occurs as a witness in the Paisley cartulary, his name is very low on the list, and he may have been only a uterine or even a bastard brother. The Empress Maud's bastard brothers are styled her 'brothers' in her charters, nor was this unusual.]. He had, however, another son, who needs to be specially dealt with. This was Jordan, his heir in Britanny, and, apparently, at Burton in England. Mr. Eyton knew of his existence, but could state little about him. In No. 1220 we find him, as a "valiant and illustrious man," making restitution to Marmoutier in 1130, with his wife Mary and his sons Jordan and Alan. In the same year we detect him entered on the English Pipe Roll in several places, though one of the entries suggests his Breton connection [* Rot. Pip. 31 Hen. I., p. 11]. He may safely be identified with that "Jordanus dapifer" who witnessed a charter to Mont St. Michel in 1128-29 (No. 722); and consequently he held the family office. We find him also in a St. Florent charter,* [_Lobineau_, II. 232] and in one of Marmoutier [_Ibid_ 146]. Of his sons, Jordan restored to the priory of St. Florent at Sele the mill at Burton given it by Alan fitz Flaald ["Jordanus filius Jordani filius Alani hominibus suis de Burt[ona]. Sciatis me reddidisse monachis S. Florentii de Salmur molendinum de Burt[ona] sicut habuerunt tempore Alani filii Flealdi et tempore Jordani patris mei" (original charter at Magdalen College)], but was, probably, soon succeeded by his brother Alan, who confirmed to a priory of Marmoutier (No. 1221) another gift of his grandfather, Alan fitz Flaald, at Burton, mentioning his wife Joan and his son Jordan [It was either this Jordan or his grandfather who, as "Jordanus filius Alani siniscalli," confirmed a gift to Combourg (MS. lat. 5441 (3) 437)]. This Alan, who meets us also, as his father's son, in a Savigny charter (No. 824), is identical with that "Alanum filium quondam Jordani Dolensem senescallum," who confirmed the grant of his grandfather Alan (fitz Flaald) at Cuguen, and himself added the church of Tronquet [MS. lat. 12,878, fo. 248d., and _Lobineau_, II. 310] about 1160 [The gift is wrongly assigned in _Gallia Christiana_ (XIV.1074) to 1133-1147, as being made before Hugh archbishop of Tours. The prelate was Hugh "archbishop" of Dol, whose date was 1155-1161 (_Ibid_. 1050).] We have further in No. 1013 the confirmation by Alexander III of his gifts to the abbey of Tiron, including the church of Sharrington and three others in England. He attested a charter of the lord of Dol in 1145 [_Lobineau_, II. 147] and, in or about 1165, a royal charter at Winchester concerning a release by his fellow-countryman Geoffrey son of Oliver de Dinan [_Mon. Ang.,_ VI. 486]. He also leads the list of witnesses in a dispute about the abbey of Vieuville (in the parish of Epiniac) in 1167, as "Alanus filius Jordani dapifer." [_Lobineau_, II. 308; MS. lat. 5476, fol. 98d]. His wife Joan and daughter Olive were benefactors to the abbey of Vieuville for his soul. ["Johanna uxor Alani dapiferi de Dolo et filia ipsius Oliva." _Lobineau_, II. 310; MS. lat. 5476, fo. 91.] With this clue we return to England, and detect the heiress of the Stewards of Dol in that Olive, daughter of Alan "filius Jordani," who in 1227 was impleaded by one of her Breton tenants -- his father Iwan had been infeoffed by her own father Alan -- at Sharrington, Norfolk. The record of the suit gives us the name of Alan's mother, Mary, mentioned as we have seen, in No. 1220. [* _Bracton's Note-book_, III. 620. Compare 'Feet of Fines' (Pipe Roll Society), II. 160.] In the middle, therefore, of the 12th century, this family flourished simultaneously in Scotland, England, and BritannySCII. FIRST GENERATION 1. ALAN, Dapifer (Dolensis) SECOND GENERATION 2. ALAN, son of #1, Dapifer Dolensis occurs in Britanny ante 1080 and in 1086; a leader in first Crusade 1097 3. FLAALD, son of #1, occurs at Monmouth 1101 or 1102 'frater' (et 'filius') Alani Dapiferi 4. RHIWALLON, son of #1, Monk of St. Florent THIRD GENERATION 5. ALAN Fitz Flaald, son of #3, Founder of Sporle Priory FOURTH GENERATION 6. JORDAN Fitz Alan, son of #5, occurs 1129-30, Benefactor of Sele Priory. Occurs also in Britanny as "Dapifer" (Dolensis). 7. WILLIAM Fitz Alan, son of #5, Founder of Haughmond Priory ob. [died] 1160, (Benefactor of Monmouth Priory) 8. WALTER Fitz Alan, son of #5, "Dapifer Regis Scotiae" ob. 1177, Founder of Paisley Abbey FIFTH GENERATION 9. ALAN Fitz Jordan, son of #6, Dapifer Dolensis, Founder of Tronquet 1155-1161, living 1167* [* Among the obits at Dol we find that of another daughter of Alan fitz Jordan: "Kal. Sept. obiit Aelicia uxor G[uillelmi] Espine filia Alani Jordanis quae dedit episcopo et capitulo Dol ... pratum senescalli,", etc. (Gaigneres' Transcript of Cartulary, MS. lat. 5211 C). A charter of her husband William Spina, son of Hamo, confirms the donations made to Vieuville "de feodo Aeliz uxoris mee filie Alani Dolensis senescalli ... concedente Alano filio nostro" (MS. lat. 5476, fo. 85). His father Hamo Spina occurs immediately after "Alan filius Jordanis dapifer" in the above letter of 1167 (_Ib._ fo. 98d). As we read of "Gaufridus Spina Doli senescallus" (_Ib._ fo. 91d) it would seem that the Dol office was inherited by the Spina family, and the English estates by the other daughter.] 10. JORDAN Fitz Jordan, son of #6 11. ALAN Fitz Alan, son of #7, ob. infans 12. WILLIAM Fitz Alan, son of #7, _a quo _Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel 13. ALAN The Steward, son of #8, "Senescallus Regis Scotiae" A chronological difficulty is created by Mr. Eyton's statement that Alan fitz Flaald was "dead ante 1114", for his son (it will be seen) the Steward of Scotland lived till 1177. It is desirable, therefore, to examine his authority for this date. Dugdale was acquainted with a confirmation by Sybil, lady of Wolston (Warwickshire), of a gift by her mother Adeliza to Burton Abbey of land in Wolston. In his _History of Warwickshire_ (p. 33) he held that she was probably a daughter of Alan fitz Flaald, because Alan was "enfeoft of this Lordship" before her. Mr. Eyton accepted Dugdale's conclusion, and therefore identified her mother 'Adeliza' as that 'Avelina' de Hesdin, whom he had so skilfully shown to be the wife of Alan. Further, as the land _ex hypethesi_ belonged to Alan himself, and yet was given by her, she must, he held, have been a widow at the time of the gift; and as the abbey was already in possession at least as early as 1114, Alan, he concluded, must have been dead before that date.* [_History of Shropshire_, VII, 221-223, 228]. These conclusions created difficulties, but, on Mr. Eyton's great authority, they have been duly accepted. [_Burton Cartulary_, Ed. Wrottesley (Salt Arch. Collections, 1884), pp. 32, 33.] Yet the whole edifice rests on Dugdale's careless reading of a document in the Burton Cartulary. [_Ibid_. p. 33 _bis_]. That document does not connect Alan fitz Flaald with Wolston. The facts are these. In Domesday the three Warwickshire manors of Church Lawford, Wolston, and Stretton-on-Dunsmore are entered together (fo. 239) as held of Earl Roger (of Shrewsbury) by that 'Rainaldus', whom the historian of Shropshire so brilliantly identifies with Renaud de Bailleul [_History of Shropshire_, VII. 206 et seq.]. We find him, accordingly as "Rainaldus de Bailoul," [* See my Calendar, p. 202] confirming in No. 578 the gifts at Wolston and Church Lawford of his own under-tenant, a certain Hubert Baldran. Another of the charters in my Calendar (No. 579) proves that this Hubert (not Alan fitz Flaald), was the father of Sybil, lady of 'Wlfrichestone' (Wolston), from whom we started. Thus Adeliza, mother of Sybil, and wife of Hubert Baldran, was quite distinct from "Avelina" wife of Alan fitz Flaald, with whom Mr. Eyton rashly identified her.* [She has been even further promoted in the British Museum Catalogue of Stowe MSS., where, in the abstract of the original deed (Stow charter 103), she is strangely identified with queen Adeliza, widow of Henry I.] Alan may have lived, and probably did, beyond 1114; and his gift at Stretton to Burton Abbey was made after he was placed in the shoes (as Mr. Eyton has shown) of Renaud de Bailleul. We have thus seen how a single charter may prove of great importance, not only in establishing the true facts, but in demolishing erroneous conclusions with the corollaries based thereon. Within the last few weeks there has unexpectedly been revived that view of the origin of the Stewarts which had long, one thought, been abandoned. As the whole story is most curious, and has, moreover, an important moral, I propose to discuss it in some detail. The pedigree of the Stuarts "of Hartley Mauduit," who hold a baronetcy dating from 1660, began in _Burke's Peerage_, so recently as last year, with Sir Nicholas Stuart the first baronet, "son of Simeon Stuart, Esq." But now, in this year of grace 1900, -- "A more thorough revision than usual has been possible ... To the laborious researches and experienced counsel of my brother, Mr. H. Farnham Burke, Somerset Herald, the genealogical and heraldic value of this work is much indebted and is gratefully acknowledged _(sic)_." The "laborious researches" of Somerset Herald have indeed developed the Stuart pedigree, thanks to those "invaluable documents the Heralds' Visitations, documents of high authority and value." [* Preface to Burke's _Landed Gentry_, Ed. 1898.] "The illustrious ancestry of this family is given fully in the Visitations of Cambridge _(sic)_, 1575 and 1619, in which is traced their descent from the Royal Stuarts. "ANDREW STUART, younger son of Alexander Stuart, 2nd son of Walter Stuart, seneschal of Scotland, great-grandson of Walter, 1st high steward of Scotland, grandson of Banquo Lord of Lochaber. He m. the daughter of James Bethe, and had an only son. "ALEXANDER STUART, to whom Charles VI of France granted an honourable augmentation of his arms." And so the pedigree proceeds through another eight generations down to the first baronet. Dear old 'Banquo,' "whom we miss"!* [_Macbeth_] What a pleasure it is to welcome him back among us once more, and to know that he, and not Flaald, was the founder of the house of Stuart on the unimpeachable authority of the Heralds and their 'Visitations'! It is true that, according to the "Royal Lineage" [_Burke's Peerage_, 1900, pp. cliii-cliv] contained in the same volume, it was not descended from Banquo at all, and that the "above Alexander Stuart, 2nd son of Walter Stuart", had no existence; but these are details with the editor, doubtless, will see to in his next edition. It is also true that the new pedigree would at once make Sir Simeon Stuart heir-male of "the Royal Stuarts", an honour foolishly claimed by sundry Scottish families. [see p. 89 above.] Let us hope that Somerset Herald will inform Lyon King of Arms that his "laborious researches" have decided this long-contested question. But, seriously speaking, what is the origin of the new descent, which, this year, makes its appearance in _Burke's Peerage_? Well, the story is, or ought to be, familiar to all genealogists. For, owing to Oliver Cromwell's mother having been a member of this family, his Stuart descent was alluded to by Carlyle, which has given genealogists the opportunity of making merry at his expense. The alleged descent was, for several years, discussed in the recognised organ of genealogical research; [_The Genealogist_ (N.S.) vols. I (1884), II, III, VIII, X (1893)] but of this discussion Somerset Herald is, no doubt, ignorant. So far back, indeed, as 1878 the very interesting heraldic glass of which I am enabled to give an illustration was exhibited to the Archaeological Institute, and that well-known Scottish authority, Mr. Joseph Bain, [*Editor of the 'Calendar of documents relating to Scotland,' the 'Hamilton Papers,' the 'Calendar of letters and papers referring to the Borders,' etc. etc.] discussed the whole story thereon before it. He then observed of the alleged grant by "Charles VI of France," to which Somerset Herald appeals. "In M. Michel's _Les Ecossais en France_, published in 1862, he gives a drawing of this very design, and the text of the asserted grant by Charles VI of France in the fifth year of his reign, conferring the strange coat of arms on Sir Alexander Stuart on account of the merits of his father Andrew.	Flaald (Fledaldus), Seneschal of Dol
35	PROBATE: 10:11 #11382, Sunbury Cem	Magdalena ???
36	"David I bestowed great lands and possessions on Walter and declared him to be High Steward of Scotland from which title the family name of Stewart afterwards derived." (Source - The Stewart Society) "The High Steward, in his first battle (Battle of the Standard - Northallerton, 22 August 1138), was second-in-command of the right wing, under Prince Henry, King David I's eldest son. They led a successful assault on the English left and drove their enemy from the field. But victory slipped from the Scottish grasp and all day the battle wavered until the Scots realized that they were not going to defeat Thurstan and his holy standard. Although claimed as a victory by the English, the Scots withdrew to the north in good order, baffled rather than defeated, and regrouped at the place afterwards called Scotch corner, near the Yorkshire/Durham border. The Scots finally withdrew as part of the terms of the Treaty of Durham in April 1139, when the River Tees was agreed to become the border between Scotland and England, only the castles of Bamborough and Newcastle being retained by the English." (Source - The Stewart Society) "Paisley Abbey was founded as a priory about 1164 by Walter Fitz Alan, 1st High Steward of Scotland. Recent archaeological and historical studies have confirmed the importance of the 12 century monastery and church at Paisley. Founded by Walter the High Steward with monks from the Cluniac Monastery at Much Wentlock in Shropshire, the priory at Paisley soon became a site of importance and wealth, owning lands throughout the southwest of Scotland and supported by major land-owning families. The farthest north of the Cluniac houses in Europe, Paisley was raised to the status of an abbey in 1219. Continued support from the Stewart family, and later from the royal house of Scotland, emphasized and augmented the abbey in importance. The attraction of the local saint, St. Mirin, brought the site to prominence as one of the four major pilgrimage shrines in Scotland. Pilgrimage was encouraged by the Cluniacs and the monks built a daughter monastery at Crossraguel, later also raised to abbatial status, which stood exactly half way between Paisley and the next major centre of pilgrimage at Withorn. By the Reformation in 1560 Paisley was the fourth-wealthiest monastery in Scotland. The lands were transferred to the Hamilton family who subsequently became Dukes of Abercorn. Parts of the site have been demolished and built over on two occasions, with the building of the New Town of Paisley in the 16th century and the modern municipal building in the 20th. Archaeological discoveries, especially of the great medieval drain of the monastery, have increased awareness in the importance of the site in Scotland's history and as a place of continuous worship since the 12th century. Silt from the drain contained artefacts and botanical remains of international importance." (Source - The Stewarts, Volume XX No4 (1999), pages 264-265.	Walter Fitz Alan
37	THE STEWARTS, VOLUME 21 No. 2 (2001), pages 97 to 100. By Henry Stewart Fothringham Walter Fitz Alan The family tree of the First High Steward of Scotland The problem of who exactly was Walter Fitz Alan, Ist High Steward of Scotland, has perplexed many minds over the years and several different conclusions have been reached by different genealogists. Part of the problem has been the sparseness of the data and the different interpretations capable of being put upon them, compounded by what looks to some like deliberate obfuscation of the facts. In this brief paper the writer throws down the ancestral gauntlet for historians to pick up and challenge their own pre-conceived ideas by re-examining all the available sources with an open mind. The editor looks forward to receiving informed responses on both sides of the debate. Genealogists up to the eighteenth century seemed happy to accept that the Stewarts were descended from Banquo, Thane of Lochaber. This was derived principally from Hector Boece's History of Scotland and the Chronicles of Holinshed but they both drew on older material for their narratives. The latter was the source used by Shakespeare for Macbeth.. These notions, which accorded with the 'Secret Knowledge' preserved by only a very few persons at any one time, were also supported by a 'folk memory' of the events and by ancient lore and legend, but by very little documentary evidence. The idea was subsequently discredited by the discovery of seemingly conflicting evidence. The idea that supplanted the Thanes of Lochaber thesis was that the Stewarts were descended from the Senescalls of Dol in Brittany and there is certainly evidence to support this interpretation. The evidence was brought together and published by George Chalmers in his Caledonia (1807-24), the manuscripts of which are now in the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh. What has not been generally realised, however, is that there is room for both interpretations, not forgetting that Walter son of Alan had a mother as well as a father. Victorian genealogists seemed to have had a fixation about patrilinear descent, quite overlooking the fact that the maternal lines were of equal, or even greater, importance in early times. The principle by which a cousin or nephew on the mother's side usually succeeded as king persisted in the Scottish monarchy for hundreds of years. Further, the new theory propounded in Chalmers' Caledonia so busied the minds of genealogists trying to prove it to be true that they forgot about trying to disprove the old theory; had they tried to do so they would have found that it was not going to lie down and die as quietly as they expected. At about this point also, conspiracy theory kicks in, suggesting that the House of Hanover wished deliberately to suppress the Scottishness of the Stewart ancestry in favour of a European descent. The genuine confusion was begun by mixing up two people called Alan, who turn out to be Walter's father and his maternal grandfather, and treating them as one and the same person. Because of this it was assumed that the older Alan was his father, whereas he was actually his mother's father. Walter's father was Alan, Thane of Lochaber, who died in about 1155. Walter's mother was Adalina of Oswestry, daughter of Alan Fitz Flaald de Hesdin, Sheriff of Shropshire (d. c.1122). It is therefore through his mother and not his father that Walter was descended from the Senescalls of Dol. That line of ancestry can be traced back an astonishingly long way, to the lst century AD and, if we are to believe the 'Secret Knowledge', even further. According to what you choose to believe, the descent goes back, like the famous Macleod family tree at Dunvegan with which it merges, at least as far as Adam and Eve. On his father's side Walter's male line of descent leads back through, among other people, Fleance, Banquo (his great-great-grandfather) and King Aedh to Kenneth MacAlpin (10 generations) and thence back through that family tree, once again arriving rather optimistically at Adam and Eve. The reason for the descent from Banquo having been discredited since the late eighteenth century was that it was assumed to conflict with the Dol descent, whereas the two are perfectly compatible, as shown in the accompanying genealogical table. Adelina's father, Alan de Hesdin, was Flaald, hereditary Steward of Dol in Brittany. In the early 1100s Alan was Baron of St Florent, Saumur; his early forebears were the Counts of Brittany, who were kin to the Merovingian Kings of the Franks. It is with Flaald and his wife that the genealogical confusion usually stems. Flaald was married to Aveline, daughter of Arnulf, Seigneur de Hesdin, but some peerage registers (including Burke's and the 1858 History of Shropshire) erroneously show Aveline as having been the wife of Flaald's son, Alan. The fact appears to be, however, that Alan Fitz Flaald was born with the 'de Hesdin distinction inherited from his mother, Aveline (Ava) of Picady. Her status is confirmed in the Cliartulary of St George, Hesdin. When Aveline's father, Arnulf (brother to Count Enguerrand de Hesdin), joined the crusade in 1090, Aveline became his nominated deputy in England. She was known as the 'Domina de Norton' (the Lady of Norton) and her son, Alan Fitz Flaald, was Baron of Oswestry during the reign of Henry I. As correctly detailed by Chalmers in his Caledonia, Alan was married to Adeliza, the daughter and heiress of SheriffWarine of Shropshire, thereby inheriting that office. Warine's arms consisted of a field azure and argent, the same tinctures as the fesse adopted by his Stewart descendants. This, and not the supposed chequer-board theory, was the true origin of the Stewart arms. Alan de Hesdin's uncle (Flaald's brother) was Alan, hereditary Seceschal of Dol, who was a Crusade Commander and died on crusade in 1097. From his son, William Fitz Alan, the Fitzalan earls of Arundel descended, while his daughter, Emma, married Walter, Mormaer (or Thane) of Lochaber, the son of Fleance and grandson of Banquo. Walter of Lochaber died fighting at the side of Malcolm Canmore at Alnwick in 1093. Some sources make the error of showing him as being High Steward, which is either a blunder or, more probably, a 'pious' invention to enhance status. From this initial marriage between the Scots and Breton families (c.1085) emerged Alan, Thane of Lochaber. Born c. 1088, he cemented a further alliance with the Breton house by marrying Adelina, daughter of Alan Fitz Flaald. It was their son, Walter, who succeeded to the Shropshire inheritance. By virtue of his Lochaber heritage and responsibilities, Walter was summoned to Scotland by his friend, David I, in c. 1136 and one of his first tasks was to guard the western coast from Loch Linnhe to the Firth of Clyde against the Norse invasions. On 22 August 1138 he fought at the Battle of the Standard, near Northallerton in Yorkshire, when the Scots were heavily defeated. Banquo's son, Fleance, was the first husband of Princess Nesta of Gwynedd but, after Fleance's death, Nesta married Osbern Fitz Richard, grandson of Guiomarc, Comtedelon, who held substantial estates in Dol. In later life, Guiomarc became a Benedictine monk of St Florent at Saumur, where Flaald of Dol was to become the Baron. Indeed, the family ties were very close, which is how Osbern came to marry Nesta. In 1080 Flaald and his brother, Alan, Seneschal of Dol, consecrated St Florent Abbey. Two years later their younger brother, Rhiwallon of Dol, a monk, became its Abbot. In 1102 Flaald was present at the dedication of Monmouth Priory and Flaald's son, Alan de Hesdin, founded Sporle Priory in Norfolk as a cell of St Florent Abbey. Powerful families habitually intermarried with their close cousins in order to consolidate their power and possessions; Osbern and Nesta's son, Hugh, married Eustacia de Say of Clun, while William Fitz Alan married her sister, Isabel de Say. As previously stated, William's own sister, Emma, married Walter of Lochaber, son of Fleance and Nesta. This all sounds fearsomely complicated but the essential lines are much more easily followed in the genealogical table. The writer is grateful to Laurence Gardner for permission to use his research and to Prince Michael of Abany for permission to reproduce the genealogical table. It was the exertions of Laurence Gardner which have brought this matter to public attention once more. He researched, among many other neglected sources, the family archives of Germaine Elize Segers de la Tour dauvergne and her husband, Michael Stewart of Annandale; the pre-1792 records of Lyon Court (publicly available on request); the Diocesan Archives of Angers; the Chartulary of St George at Hesdin; and the Chartulary of St. Florent. The following tables give a skeletal lay-out, generation by generation, as far back as Aminadab on Walter's mother's side and on his father's side to Ere of Dalriada. Among the early names there are many variations in spelling and some people have more than one name. I: Patrilinear Descent of Walter the High Steward Note.- each succeeding generation is the son of the previous one. 24.Ere of Irish Dairiada (Dal naraide) 23.Fergus Mor Mae Ere, d.501 22.Domangart 21. K. Gabran of Dalriada, c.548-558 20.Aedan Mac Gabran, d.608, m. Ygerna de Acqs 19.Eochaid Buide (younger brother of the historical King Arthur) 18.Donald Brec 17.Domangart 16.Eochaid, d.696 15. Eochaid 14. Aed the White (Aed Find) 13.Eochaid the Poisonous, d.781 12. Alpin 11. K. Kenneth MacA]pin 10.K. Aed (Aeth), d.878 9.Doir, b.870-d.936 8.Murdoch, b.900-d.959 7.Ferguard, b.929-d.980 6.Kenneth, b.960-d.1030 5.Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, b.990-k.1043 4.Fleance, Thane of Lochaber, b.1020-d. c.1064 3.Walter, Thane of Lochaber, b. c.1045-d.1093 2.Alan of Lochaber, b. c. 1088-d. 1 153, father of- 1.WALTER FITZ ALAN, 1st HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND, d. 1177 II: Maternal Descent of Walter the High Steward Note.- each succeeding generation is the son of the previous one,except for 2. Adelina, who was Alan's daughter. 34.Aminadab, 2nd century A.D., m. Eurgen, dau. of Lucius, son of K. Coel I. 33.Castellors 32.Manael 31.Titurel 30.Boaz (Anfortas) 29.Frotmund, k.404 28.Faramund, Lord of Franks, d.430 27.Fredemund 26.Nascien I, K. of the Septimanian Midi 25.Celedoin 24.Nascien II, K. of the Septimanian Midi 23.Galains 22.Jonaans 21. Lancelot 20. Bars the elder 19.Bars the younger 18.Lionel 17.Alain 16.Froamidus, Count of Brittany, c.762 15.Frodaldus, Count of Brittany, c.795 14.Frotmund, b.850 13.Flotharius 12. Adetrad 11.Frotbald, c.923 10.Alirad 9.Frotmund, c.982 8.Fretaldus, c.1008 7.Frotmund Vetuies, c. 1052 6.Fratmaldus the Senechal 5.Alan, Seneschal of Dol 4.Flaald, Seneschat of Dol 3.Alan Fitz Flaald, de Hesdin 2.Adelina of Oswestry, mother of 1.WALTER FITZ ALAN, 1st HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND, d. 1177 * * * * * "The Stewarts" Vol. 23 No.3, 2010, contains an interesting and well documented article, 'The Archbishops of Dol and the Origin of the Stewarts' by Paul A. Fox. It makes the case that the Stewart forebears, paternal and maternal lines, were from Dol and differs significantly from the the conclusions reached by Frothringham above. It states that Walter Fitz Alan's father was Alan Fitz Flaald de Hesdin. Frothringham shows him as Walter's grandfather. It was his daughter, Adelina of Oswestry, who was Walter Fitz Alan's mother and she married Alan Thane of Lochaber. At this time I have elected to stay with the conclusions reached in the Frothringham article. (Note to File -JP Rhein)	Aminadab
38	James Bailey was born and reared in the border country between England and Scotland. When he grew to young manhood, he emigrated to the United States. He served in the Revolutionary War. Due to his British birth, he was required to take an Oath of Allegiance which was recorded as follows: OATH OF ALLEGIANCE OF JAMES BAILEY Cumberland County I do hereby certify that James Bailey hath voluntarily taken and subscribed the Oath of Allegiance and Fidelity, as directed by an Act of General Assembly of Pennsylvania, passed the 13th Day of June, A>D> 1777, Witness my Hand and Seal, the 22nd Day of November, Anno Domini, 1777. No. 42 (Signed) James Armstrong (L.S.) (Source - Frontier Families in Toby Township, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, Stewart, page 6)	James Bailey
39	Unless otherwise noted, all information and photos on the descendants of Isaac Bailliote were furnished by Jean Polliard Cannassa. Jean advises that a good portion of the work was done by others including, Lulu Stewart Polliard and Cheryl McDonald and that she was the compiler. The information that Jean furnished includes extensive information on the first five generations of the descendants of Isaac. Information on the descendants of Joseph Balliet, born 1783, grandson of Paulus Balliet, was furnished by Dan Stewart unless otherwise noted. No living descendants are included. (Note to File - JP Rhein) From, "The Balliet, Balliett, Balliette, Balyeat, Bolyard, and Allied Families," by Stephen Clay, Published by Thos. J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge, La. 1968. Call No. RG 929.2 Bal Library of Congress #68-23012 pg 33 "Isaac Bailliote of Burbach had a son Jacob Baillet. This Jacob Baillet was the progenitor of the pioneer immigrants of the three known founders of the families in America - PAULUS, JOSEPH, and JOHANNES Balliet. pg 32 and 33 " During the Religious Wars many of the Huguenot families were separated and individual members of a family would be taken in and protected by relatives and friends sympathetic to the Huguenot beliefs. One of these refugees was an Isaac Bailliote, who was a resident of Burbach as early as 1625, Burbach is a village about six miles from Schalbach, and before the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, it appears to have been, with neighboring villages, a part of the Sovereignty of Saarwerden, which had become an asylum for the Huguenot refugees, among whom were the Baillets. Local records at Saarwerden inform us that the Baillet family had settled there before the outbreak of the Thirty Years War (1618-1648), but because of the frightful conditions that prevailed were forced into exile, returning after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to Schalbach, where the family became firmly established. The various homes of the Balliets, their relatives and friends, many of whom also later settled in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, lie in a small area between the River Saar and the Vosges Mountains, with boundaries between extreme points of over thirty miles, lying partly in Alsace and partly in Lorraine. Schalbach being located about thirty-five miles southeast of Metz, France and forty miles northeast of Nancy, France. This part of Alsace and Lorraine like all other sections of the old German, or more properly, Holy Roman Empire, was split up into numerous petty sovereignties. In 1700 the Empire was a loose confederation of some three hundred states and some fourteen small territories belonging to petty knights, who exercised a power and jurisdiction as absolute as that of a prince. The maps of this period were crude and unreliable and the boundaries of the numerous states or sovereignties constantly changed, making it impossible to determine in which state a particular village or town was located. pg 29 "Pierre Durand, a Huguenot pastor was hanged at Montpellier Languedoc in 1732 for preaching the Gospel. He may have been a relative of Margaretha Durand, wife of Johan Nicholas Baillet (1680-1745). To study for the ministry of the Reformed Church in those days of persecution was to 'qualify for the gallows'. The ministry became the vocation of martyrs. The gallows for the Reformed ministers, and the galleys for those who listened to them. To break the bones of Huguenots on the wheel, or cutting out his tongue before hanging or burning him was accounted a great service to the Roman Church. The Huguenot families who lived on the Lorraine side of the border, in the villages of Finstingen, Helleringen, Schallback, Pistorf and Lixheim, among whom were the Baillets and their kin, had neither churches nor pastors of their own. They were visited by pastors of the 'Desert' as they called the caves, valleys, woods and old quarries in which they met and worshipped. At the present time, located between Miallet and Anduze is a 'Museum of the Desert' with a unique collection of Huguenot momentos." pg 30 "The fact is that for many years before and after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Germany and Switzerland had become the chief asylums of the Huguenot Refugees. For a time they lived in hope the French Kings would restore their religious freedom, and that they would be permitted to return to France. That hope never realized, they became gradually absorbed by the Germans and Swiss, among whom they had settled. Thousands lost their Huguenot identity when their names became Germanized or corrupted. This effacement was continued when they came to America in the great German and Swiss emigration between the years 1700 and the outbreak of the Revolutionary War." (see Laux's "Fusion of Races in Lehigh County" P of L.Co.H.S., V.6, p 3-11) pg 34 "The surname Balliet is no doubt a corrupted form of the old French 'Baillet', meaning sorrel or light colored when the word is used in referring to a horse of that color." "In the French tongue, Balliet, as the name is spelled in America, and Baillet as it is mostly written in France, has practically the same pronunciation, Ba-yea, and will account for some of the vagaries of its orthography in the early French and Alsatian-Lorraine records. (Association) with the Germans in Alsace and Lorraine eventually gave the name a German sound, the double 'l' losing its characteristic French sound and the name pronounced Ball-yet or Bal-yet at the present time in Alsace-Lorraine and in Pennsylvania. Paulus, Joseph, and Johannes, the three immigrant pioneers signed their names Balliet, with a few exceptions when the Baliet spelling is found. The name in Pennsylvania has been firmly established as Balliet and has remained unchanged since the days of the pioneers. Some of the second and third generation of Joseph's line who migrated to Richland County, Ohio and what is now Preston County, West Virginia, adopted the spelling of Balyeat and Bolyard. In several instances, later generations have used Balliett or Balliette. One family in California has given the name an Irish touch, O'Balliet." pg 35 "Dr. Louis B. Balliet, a great-great-grandson of Paulus, published a 28 page brochure in 1873, in which four pages were devoted to the 'Race of the Balyards' (claiming knights and archbishops as ancestors and even included a coat of arms). . . "It is quite safe to say that this claim is mythical. . . I am convinced that he was imposed upon by a genealogical and heraldic fakir at Vienna, where it was drawn up."	Isaac Bailliote
40	Lehigh County, Pa. Baptized John Nicholas Balliet on March 20, 1774 in the Reformed Church at Neffs, Pa., according to church records there. Johannes wrote his will in 1800. Nicholas' children, Jacob and Elizabeth were mentioned in his will. Johannes left Nicholas 358 acres in Hazel Twp., Lehigh County, Pa. when he died in 1831. Johannes had settled in Sugar Loaf in 1784. the Indians had murdered many whites in the Sugar Loaf massacre on Sept. 10, 1780 at the site. Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Balliet brought soldiers to bury the dead at that time. John Nicholas Balliet had a large family including three different wives. The children were: Jacob, Elizabeth (died at age 13 on June 11, 1811 She is buried in St John's cemetery) Stephen Margaret (who moved to Clarion County) Children of the second wife were: George Polliard (Balliet) Stephen Susan Nicholas David Nicholas Balliet, now called Nicholas Polliard died on December 31, 1851 and is buried in lot 27 of Churchville cemetery, Clarion County, Pa. George Polliard (Balliet) was born in 1810 in Luzerne County, Pa. He and his family moved to Red Bank Twp., Armstrong County, Pa. He married Mary Mays and lived in Porter Twp. and Mays Twp. He was a farmer. He had three sons and two daughters. George Polliard's brother, Nicholas Balliet was born in 1813 in Luzerne County, Pa. He and his wife Catherine moved to Limestone Twp., Clarion County, near the Frogtown Salem Church. He had a son, David M. Balliet, born in 1845, who moved to Waterloo, Iowa.	Jacob Balliet
41	From, "The Balliet, Balliett, Balliette, Balyeat, Bolyard, and Allied Families," by Stephen Clay, Published by Thos. J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge, La. 1968. Call No. RG 929.2 Bal Library of Congress #68-23012 pg 785 "Johan Nicolas Bailliet (Sr.), the third son of Jacob Baillet, was born November, 1680 and died January 24, 1745 at Schalback, Lorraine, France. He married Margaretha Durand, who was born in 1684 and died at Schalback on March 27, 1766. They had eight children, names unknown. It is known from records at Schalback that a Johan Nicolas Baillet (Jr.?), a cousin of PAULUS and JOSEPH, married Susanna Alleman on November 17, 1743. (Laux p 18) It is not unreasonable to assume that this Johan Nicolas Balliet, Jr. was a son of Johan Nicolas and Margaretha Baillet. It is believed that Johan and Susanna settled in Switzerland shortly after the death of Johan, Sr. in 1745. . . JOHANNES Baillet came from Switzerland; whether he was born there or in Schalback is not known. Switzerland had long before become a place of refuge for thousands of the persecuted Huguenots of France."	Johan Nicholas Balliet
42	From, "The Balliet, Balliett, Balliette, Balyeat, Bolyard, and Allied Families," by Stephen Clay, Published by Thos. J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge, La. 1968. Call No. RG 929.2 Bal Library of Congress #68-23012 pg 798 "Johannes Balliet was married in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1771 to Maria Barbara Schneider, a daughter of Daniel and Catharine Schneider. She was born in 1755 and baptized October 5 of the same year as recorded in the records of the Egypt Reformed Church of Lehigh County. They remained in Lehigh county, where seven of their nine children were born, until the spring of 1784. Members of the party that went to bury the dead of the Sugar Loaf Massacre of 1782, on returning home, told Johannes of 'the beautiful and fertile valley'. These stories 'so fired Balliet's imagination, that he was determined to seek it out and make a home for himself and his posterity'. At the time the two youngest children were Maria and Daniel, and although they were not mentioned, the five older children undoubtedly accompanied their parents on this journey through the enchanted paths and trails into Sugar Loaf Valley. Johannes Balliet was a remarkable man. From 1784, where he 'solitary and alone' became the first white settler in Sugar Loaf Valley, until 1800, a period of only 16 years, he and his family with their bare hands hued a 'castle' from the virgin land and forest. He built the first log cabin, which, with all it contained, was destroyed by fire in 1786. Not to be discouraged, he then erected the first frame house in Butler (Township), which was still standing a hundred years later. He was the first to till the soil; set out the first orchard; constructed the first saw mill. he was the first pioneer inn-keeper of Butler Township; set up the first blacksmith shop; helped organize the St. John's Reformed Church, which he supported both morally and financially; and he fathered the first white child, Abraham Balliet, born in Butler Township. In this interval of time he also acquired over twenty-three hundred acres of land." The original warrants for these lands are on file in the Department of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania at Harrisburg and can be found in: Patent Book "P", Vol. 54, p. 313; Patent Book "H", Vol. 36, p 44; and Patent Book "H", Vol. 28, p. 513." "JOHANNES Balliet was a soldier of the Revolutionary War. He served as Captain (or clerk) of the First Battalion of Northampton county under Lt. Col. Henry Gieger; and as a Court Martial Man under Col. John Sigfried of the 4th Battalion of Northampton County." pg. 790 "In the same volume, (PA 5S, V8, p 54), pages 43 and 63, in "A Muster Roll of 5th class of the 1st Battalion of Northampton County militia, under the command of Lt. Col'l. Henery Giger, November 15, 1781" is listed "John Balliet (JOHANNES Balliet) Clark (Clerk - with the rank of Captain). Time of entry Nov 15. Time of service 1 month 18 days". This is from November 15, 1781 to January 1, 1782." pg. 791 "Johannes Balliet died December 25, 1831 in Newport Township, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. His will, written January 24, 1800 was registered on April 23, 1800 and is on file in Will Book A, page 34 at the county court house, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania. It was probated February 28, 1832. . .The original will is in German. A literal translation and a legal interpretation of the translation was prepared by Blythe H. Evans, Jr., Attorney of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania." "Johannes wrote his will in 1800. Nicholas' children Jacob & Elizabeth were mentioned in his will. Johannes left Nicholas 358 acres in Hazel Twp., Lehigh Co., Pa. when he died in 1831." From "Polliard Family History" by Barbara Oswald "North Whitehall, Pa. was changed to Ballietsville on March 7, 1876. Ballietsville is the oldest village in North Whitehall Township. Stagecoaches changed horses at the Ballietsville Inn. The Ballietsville Inn and the stages are sill across the street from each other. The Indians received their supplies from the State there. Union Church (combined Reformed & Lutheran) in North Whitehall Twp. was originally known as Schlosser's Church. It was erected in 1755. Original pulpit is on second floor of present church, located at Neffs, Pa. May 27, 1797 the cornerstone of the next church was laid. Present church was built May 28, 1971. Balliets are buried there. Paulus Balliet was listed as a Palatine imported on the ship Robert and Alice of Dublin, Walter Goodman, Commander, from Rotterdam, last of Dover. There were 320 passengers, Walter Goodman signed the list. (From book, Thirty Thousand Names of Immigrants in Pa., page 118). 1800 Census lists Jacob, Joseph Sr., Joseph Jr., Leonard, Stephen, Jacob, John and Stephen in Luzerne County." Barbara Oswald also found record of a "Paulus Balliet deed from Richard & Thomas Penn to Paul Polyard, 12th April 1749 for 97/100/160 Acres of land in Whitehall Twp., Northampton Co.) he was called Nicholas Balliet now called Polliard (Polyard, Pollyard) in Clarion County." There is a town in Eastern Pennsylvania known as Ballietsville. There is an inn there known as the Ballietsville Inn. An early map of the area showed several Balliet families living in the area. The following is copied from the flyer in the Ballietsville Inn. THE NAMES MENTIONED IN THIS STORY DO NOT MATCH OUR FAMILY LINEAGE, HOWEVER THERE IS ONE INTRIGUING SIMILARITY. The wife of our Stephen Balliet, son of Johannes Balliet, married a Margaret Wottring, born in 1777. This story has a Maria Magdelena Wotring married to a Paulus Balliet. Could they be related? From the above mentioned book there is quoted a report by a Michael Bisline, Road Supervisor of work completed in 1810. It is "the oldest document giving us information of who were in the township at that time. . . The list contains about thirty names, only those of interest are given 'George Drum, Jacob Spath, Phillip and Nicholas Wottering, Joseph Parke, Michael Knouse, Jacob Rittinhouse, Abraham and Stephen Balliet, etc." "The Ballietsville Inn has been in continuous operation since 1750; and its history is the history of Lehigh and Northampton Counties and the townships of North Whitehall, South Whitehall and Whitehall. Paulus Balliet received his first known license on June 22, 1746 to 'operate an inn on a frequently traveled road.' the inn which opened on June 14, 1750 was built in the virgin forest as a sturdy log cabin which stood 90 years before the present brick structure replaced it. Social life on the frontier was centered in the church, in the school and in the inn. The center of business was often at the inn. First called the Whitehall Inn, the building also housed a post office; was a thriving trading post for the Indians and served for over 100 years as a station for the stagecoaches traveling between Philadelphia, Easton and Mauch Chunk (now Jim Thorpe.) Down through the years, as the inn passed from person to person, it has been enlarged, redecorated, restored -- somehow the inn has kept its twin quality of hospitality and readiness for any action that may come. One can imagine the jolly repartee of early colonists; the earnest and urgent conversation about revolution; the heavy tread of the Militiamen; the call of the stagecoach masters. Today, the inn continues to give its guests a warm welcome, extend its hospitality and give a delicious repast fit for the most discriminating gourmet." . . . "Paulus Balliet, founder of the Inn, was born in 1717 in France. At the age of 21 he was compelled, with many other French Protestants, to seek refuge in foreign countries, on account of the terrible persecutions of the Huguenots. He embarked for America on board Ship Robert Oliver on September 10, 1738. He located on a tract of 97 acres of what became known as the Old Balliet Stand, about 8 miles North of Allentown where the village of Ballietsville is now located. Paulus Balliet married Maria Magdelena Wotring who was also of unquestionable French Huguenot Stock, at a date unknown. Tradition has it that Paulus and Maria were wed in 1749. The Wotrings like the Balliets who were forced into exile and deprived of their worldly goods, became farmers, tradesmen, innkeepers and professional men in their new found homes. Paulus Balliet, in addition to his plantation, carried on a mercantile business as well as that of an innkeeper. As early as 1750, he was licensed as an Innkeeper in what is now Ballietsville. On June 14, 1750 Paulus was allowed a license On a frequently traveled road. The old county court records show that the license was renewed on June 22, 1756 and again on June 22, 1759. The original log building was in use until 1840 when the main portion was replaced by a brick structure. As I mentioned before, it was called Whitehall Inn and he had a huge sign of a foaming bowl painted and hung on a high post. After Paulus Balliet died, the record shows the successive proprietors were Colonel Stephen Balliet, Paul Balliet, Dr. Jesse Hallman, John Schantz, Joel Lentz, Charles Leinberger, John Smith, David Kline, Edwin Deibert, Sylvester Mosenheimer, Elmer Hassler, John Roth, Clinton Frantz and Joseph Poplaskie. The present owners since 1971 are my partner Richard Wotring Gemmel - a direct descendent of Paulus's wife, Maria Magdelena Wotring Balliet and myself and it is now known as The Ballietsville Inn. Whitehall Inn served as a post office and for over a hundred years it was station for the stage coaches traveling between Philadelphia, Easton and Mauch chunk or Jim Thorped, as it is now called. The horses were changed there, leaving a foursome to rest while a fresh team took the coach on to the next station. Before the Revolution, Paulus did a thriving business trading with the Indians, who called him Bowl Balliet. It was thought by some that the Indians, in the massacre of October 8, 1763, intended to attack his home but by mistake went to homes of his neighbors, the Schneiders, Marks and Mickleys. It is stated that the Indians were returning home from Bethlehem, Pa. where they had exchanged their furs for supplies and stopped at Stenton's Tavern for the night. The next morning they discovered most of their supplies missing; when they complained they were driven off. The Indians, when wronged by a white man, took revenge on their enemies without regard to age or sex. It therefore happened frequently that the innocent suffered many times for the deeds of the guilty. The Indians, on the way home the morning of October 8, 1763, proceeded to the home of John Jacob Mickley where they met three of his children in the woods and immediately murdered two of them. They then proceeded to the homes of Marks and Schneider, both of which were burned down after they had murdered Schneider, his wife and three children, and wounded two daughters, scalping one, and leaving both for dead. Marks and his family escaped. These homesteads were less than 2 miles from the Paulus Plantation. By the way, this was the last Indian massacre in Lehigh County. During these Indian raids the settlers would leave their homes and seek refuge in forts like Ballietsville. The actual fort of Ballietsville is still located underneath the Inn's kitchen. Paulus Balliet was very active in the protection of the community from these attacks. He formed and equipped companies of soldiers to fight the Indians. The Pennsylvania Archives reveal disbursement by the Assembly in payment of supplies furnished by Paulus Balliet. '1757, November 8th to Balliet, for provisions supplied Provincial forces and Indians 550 pounds 19 shilling and 8 pence There is an endless list in the Pennsylvania Archives of such payments. In September 1757, Margaret Frantz and another girl named Solt were taken prisoners by the Indians while washing flax in a creek on her father's land near Ballietsville. The Solt girl, daughter of Paulus Balliet's sister Maria Catherina, lived with the Indians for a number of years before she was restored to her parents. It is said that she never married but used her gained knowledge of Indian medicine to take care of the ill in the community. Paulus Balliet died on March 19, 1777. In the years he acquired hundreds of acres of land. In his will he 'bequeath unto his son Stephen all that Plantation in Towamensing Township, over the Blue Mountain. His son Paul received all that tract of land which he bought of Samuel Morris together with about 100 or more acres to be joined and to his son John, the Old Plantation whereon I live now.' Colonel Stephen Balliet was born in 1753 in Whitehall Township as the 4th child and 3rd son of Paulus Balliet. It is apparent from the accounts and records that 'Colonel Stephen assumed much of the responsibility of managing the plantation, store and Inn some years before the death of this father. Colonel Balliets's home was surrounded by immense forests, the winning of which into fruitful fields meant incessant toil, to which the children contributed their daily chores.' The distant Blue Mountains, with the Lehigh Water Gap and the Wind Gap in full view, was pictured in young Stephen's imagination as regions of great peril and adventure to the brave who would dare to explore them. Colonel Balliet had much to do with the development of this section. While doing that besides running the Inn he also devoted much time to fighting the Revolutionary War. In 1776 when Pennsylvania joined the other colonies in the war with England, a new State Government was organized. During the troublesome time a lot of activities of colonel Balliet can be traced. I will not make the attempt to list each and every reference, but only those that will tend to illustrate his diversified ability and accomplishments. 'On January 31, 1777 to pay Capt. Stephen Balliet 422 pounds. This payment for expenses incurred in taking into custody persons disloyal to the newly formed government Colonel Stephen was appointed ag agent for forfeited estates, etc. During this time he was also commanding troops to fight not only against the English, but also equally important, against Indians and colonists called Tories who favored the English. In 1777, as the British approached Philadelphia, the Headquarters of the Government was moved to Lancaster. General Washington had ordered the Army supplies and equipment moved to the Lehigh Valley where he intended to set up Winter quarters. The plan was later changed and Valley Forge was selected. The Liberty Bell was "secreted in a load of hay" as part of the baggage train of the Army. According to tradition Colonel Stephen assisted in the planning and brought the wagon train with the Liberty Bell to Allentown, where it was buried beneath the floor of the Zion Reformed Church. Records show the Colonel Stephen Balliet commanded a Company at the Battle of Brandywine in September 1777 and at the Battle of Germantown in October 1777 and finally in May 1780 he was appointed to command the 1st Battalion, Pennsylvania Northampton County. It has to be noted that Lehigh County was not founded until 1812, so all records before that date refer to Northampton County from which in 1812 Lehigh County was taken. Stephen Balliet died August 4, 1821. He had two sons Stephen Jr. and Joseph. Joseph Jr. had a son, Paul Balliet, born May 11, 1811 in Ballietsville. He attended school in the area's first English school. It had been built by his father on their property in Ballietsville. Private tutors not only were teaching the Balliets but also all the neighbors' children. The building was erected in 1816 about 100 yards Southeast of Ballietsville, and was plastered within, which was quite an innovation as others of the time were generally rude structures of logs. The schoolhouse was used until 1865 when a new brick building was erected. In later years he attended school in Easton, after which he was in charge of a store in Heidelberg Township, which he managed in connection with his father's iron furnace. Finally in 1857 he was the landlord of the Old Whitehall Inn at Ballietsville until his death in 1886."	Johannes Balliet
43	From, "The Balliet, Balliett, Balliette, Balyeat, Bolyard, and Allied Familes," by Stephen Clay, Published by Thos. J. Moran's Sons, Inc., Baton Rouge, La. 1968. Call No. RG 929.2 Bal Library of Congress #68-23012 pg 786 "If the assumption is accepted that JOHANNES was the son of Johan Nicolas and Susanna Alleman Baillet, this hypothetical delineation can be strengthened by the known facts of the Alleman family. Susanna Alleman was probably the daughter or a near relative, of Jacob Alleman who arrived at Philadelphia October 20, 1747. the passenger list records two Jacob Allemans (Strassburger, V2 p 369). It is believed they were father and son. Jacob Alleman, Jr. and his wife Elizabeth Barbara had a son, Christian Alleman, born December 6, 1766 in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania and baptized December 14 of the same year. The Egypt Church records show that Catharine Balliet, daughter of PAULUS Balliet was one of the sponsors when Christian was baptized (PA 6S, V 6, p 14). This indicates a close relationship between the two families. No record was discovered showing that John Nicolas and Susanna Alleman Balliet came to America. Since both had near relatives in Pennsylvania - PAULUS and JOSEPH, cousins of Johan Nicolas Balliet, and Jacob Alleman, father of Susanna, and his family had settled in what is now Lehigh County, Pennsylvania in 1747 - it is within the realm of possibility that the family of Johan Nicolas emigrated to Pennsylvania a few years later, possibly between the years 1755 and 1760. many of the early ship lists are incomplete or missing." "JOHANNES Balliet's will, written in 1800, states: 'Sealed in the presence of my Mother and executor in Luzerne County. From this statement one can but concluded that Susanna Alleman Balliet was also living in Luzerne County and that Johan Nicolas undoubtedly died in Pennsylvania previous to 1800. Johan Nicolas and Susanna possibly had other children, but no substantiating records were found. Numerous published accounts of the early history of Pennsylvania and the descendants of JOHANNES and John of PAULUS have, in part, in part, accepted the records of both in referring to or in delineating the line of 'John Balliet'. Consequently, the traditions and facts of JOHANNES' line has become so entwined with that of John of PAULUS that it is unlikely an accurate record can be assembled at this late date."	John Nicholas Balliet
44	From HISTORY OF CLARION COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA 1887 "Nicholas Baliett, now called Polliard, with his family settled in 1801, on a farm now owned by Reuben Shiry, his grandson." From CALDWELL'S ILLUSTRATED HISTORICAL COMBINATION ATLAS OF CLARION COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA BY HENRY GRING, 1877, pg 10 "On Leatherwood Creek, in 1802 settled Robert Travis, John, William and Robert Beatty, Christian Smathers, Nicholas Polliard, Michael Harriger and the Delp family in 1804-5." From page 283 in Armstrong Co. Book II (in Clarion County Courthouse recorded in Armstrong Co. Book II) recorded 17 December 1838 pg 225 "Nicholas Polyard and Elizabeth, his wife, of Monroe Township, Armstrong County and State of Pennsylvania of the one part and William Coder of Delaware Township, County and State of aforsaid of the other part. Witnesseth that the same Nicholas . . . Elizabeth, his wife for and inconsideration here in after stated do grant, bargin and sell and confer unto the . . .by those present do release and forever confirm from them and their heirs in addyation unto the William Coder his heirs and assigned All the following described and bounded plantation piece or parasel . . . "Nicholas Shirey on the East, John Sayers on the South, Michael Harriger on the West, Joseph Galbrath on the North. Containing one hundred and twenty acres more or less. . . He (William Coder) is to come and live on the land, put up his own buildings and farm the tract of land for the term of 10 years. From next spring, he is to put in at least 10 acres of wheat, 10 acres of rye each year and spring crops to suit himself, and give 1/2 of all grain and hay and put up for said term of 10 years unto said Nicholas Polliard who reserves to himself all buildings that are now up, and garden; and pasture for 1 horse as long as he keeps one, and 2 cows pasture, and not to exceed 15 sheep, also said Coder to do all his milling and to provide all his firewood, cut and ready at the door for burning as long as he lives, and at the expire of 10 years said Wm. coder gives to said Nicholas Polliard and Elizabeth his wife as long as they live, 15 bu. of wheat, 10 bu. of rye, 3 bu. of buckwheat, and sufficiency of potatoes, 300 lb. pork, 1 bu. flaxseed yearly - to be sown during the 10 years and after that if any of them shall be living 1/2 bu. yearly as long as they live." "After the 10 years is expired, the said Wm. Coder is to find the said Nicholas and Elizabeth in sufficiently of clothing and leather. Last to pay the Dr. bill if any should be and take care of them, if either of them be sick, and to procure for them the necessary comforts of life, and all the funeral expenses, on condition of keeping them while they live he gets the plantation they now live on." signed and sealed Nicholas Poyard & Elizabeth Polyard witnessed by Sam & Nancy Orr From 1830 Census pg 228 Nicholas Balliett, Clarion Twp., Armstrong Co., age 50 - 60 members of household included: 1 male between ages of 10-15 1 " " " " 15-20 1 " " " " 20-30 1 female between ages of 0 -5 2 " " " " 5-10 2 " " " " 10-15 1 " " " " 15-20 1 " " " " 20-30 1 " " " " 30-40 There is also listed a Stephen Polyard, Clarion Twp., Armstrong Co., as a head of household with 1 male age 20-30. Is this Nicholas's son Stephen? 1 female " 20-30 1 female under 5 Florence Ruth Polliard visited Barbara Polliard Oswald, 232 E. McQuiston Rd, Butler, Pa. 16001 (Now deceased). "She had visited Ballietsville, Pa. and Neff, Pa. all near Allentown, Pa. about 1987. This is where the Ballietts had settled. She found records in Union Church. A lady she talked to said that Nicholas Balliett didn't get along with his father, John Nicholas Balliett. They lost track of him but he showed up as our ancestor in Clarion, Co. due to the Polyard name in older records, like the Paulus deed from Richard and Thomas Penn to Paul Polyard 12th April 1749 for 97-100/160 acres of land in Whitehall Twp., Northampton Co. He was called Nicholas Balliett "now called Polliard" (Polyard, Pollyard) in Clarion Co." "John Nicholas Balliet had a large family including three different wives. Children were: Jacob, Elizabeth (died at age 13 June 11, 1811, buried in St. Johns cemetery), Stephen, Margaret (who moved to Clarion County). Children of second wife were GEORGE POLLIARD (Balliet), Stephen, Susan, Nicholas and David. " "Nicholas Balliet, now called Nicholas Polliard died on December 31, 1851 and is buried in lot 27 Churchville Cemetery, Clarion County, Pa." His will was probated on November 5, 1855, Docket A193. Name of "Administrator, Executor or Guardian" was Robert Henry. The name change from Balliet to Polliard could have had a transition stage of being spelled Pollyard. The deed recorded on page 283 in Armstrong Co. Book 2 Clarion Courthouse lists a Nicholas Polliard and wife of Monroe Township deeded to WM. Coder, Clarion Township, Armstrong Co. . . . . but is signed Nicholas Polyard and Elizabeth Polyard 1850 Census Clarion County, Pa. pg. 40 On August 8, 1850 there was a Nicholas Pollyard, age 39 living in Limestone Township, Clarion Co, Pa. Leah " 21 female Ann " 12 " R. A. " 11 " C. L. " 8 " D. M. " 6 male A. M. " 2 male S. A. " 3 mos. female 1850 Census Toby Township, Clarion County, Pa. There is also a Stephen Pollyard, age 46 Rachael " 46 Juliann " 17 F Benjamin " 14 M Ames " 11 M Sarah " 10 F Allonzo " 6 M George " under 1 By the time of the 1870 Census this same family was living in Porter Township and spelled their last name Polliard. In the "Flick Family Tree" they spelled the name Pollard. There is also a Mary Pollyard buried in Squirrel Hill Cemetery with Frederick Hilliard and several other Hilliards. She was born in 1811 and died 1869. Possibly this is the same Mary from the 1850 Census, Porter Township which lists two women as head of separate households in the same house Susannah Hillyard 50 F Isach " 22 M Nancy " 16 F Frances " 15 M George " 12 M Mary Polliard 39 F Cristopher Hilliard 19 M John " 17 M Margaret A. " 15 F Isaac " 13 M Frederick " 9 M Samuel " 7 M Madison Polliard 3 M (This mystery is now partially solved thanks to the research efforts of Gary A. Polliard. The Mary Polliard in the census is the same as the Mary Pollyard buried in Squirrel Hill Cemetery. She was originally Mary Shick. She married Frederick Hilliard, had several children, he died and then she married Louis Polliard. They moved to Kentucky. They had a child James Madison Polliard. Louis died so Mary and all her children moved back to Porter Township. He has not been able to discover how this Louis Polliard is related to the other Polliards.)	Nicholas Balliet
45	From headstone in Reformed Church, Neffs, Pa. "In memory of Paul Balliet who died March 19, 1777 age 60 years. Born 1717. First of the Balliets who came to Whitehall in 1738. Born Alsace in Europe." From "The Balliet, Balliett, Balliette, Balyeat, Bolyard, and Allied Families, 1968 pg 49 "Paulus Balliet, the pioneer founder of the family in America settled in what is now Whitehall Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. He located on a tract of 97 acres, 100 perched on what became known as the "Old Balliet Stand" about eight miles north of Allentown where the village of Ballietsville is now located. From 1749 to 1774 he purchased land contiguous to the first tract, amounting in all to 713-100/160 acres, for which he paid the sum of L526 12s 8d. An example of the liberty taken by others of the spelling of the family name can be found in the copy of the deed of this first land purchased by PAULUS, wherein he is listed as Paul Polyard: 'THOMAS PENN and RICHARD PENN Esqrs. True and absolute Properties and Governors in Chief of the Province of Pennsylvania, and Counties of New Castle, Kent and Sussex upon Delaware.' 'To all unto whom thee Presents shall come, Greeting: Whereas in Conseuence of the Application of Paul Polyard, dated the Twelfth Day of April 1749, for 97-100/160 Acres of Land in Whitehall Township, Northampton County, a Survey hath been made of the Tract of Land hereinafter mentioned and intended to be hereby granted. AND WHEREAS, in Pursuance of a Warrant dated the Ninth Day of October 1759, . . . . thereby certifying the Description, Bounds and Limits, of the Land as aforesaid, surveyed to be as follows, vix: Beginning at a small marked Chestnut Oak, thence by vacant land North thrity-five degrees, West one hundred and forty perches to a post, South seventy degrees, West eighty perches to a post, and south one hundred and forty-four perches and a half to a post, thence by land of Caspar Wistar, North seventy degrees, East one hundred and sixty-five perches to the place of beginning, containing Ninty seen Acres and One hundred Perches, and the usual allowace of Six Acres, per cent for Roads and Highways." pg. 53 "Palatines imported in the Ship Robert and Alice of Dublin, Walter Goodman, Master, from Rotterdam, but last from Dover in England. Qualified the 11th Day of September 1738. At the Courthouse of Philadelphia, September 11, 1738. Present The Honourable George Thomas, Esq., Lietenant Governor . . etc. the Palatines whose names are underwritten, imported in the ship Robert and Alice of Dublin, Walter Goodman, Cmr., from Rotterdam, but last from Dover in England, did this day take and subscrive the Oaths to the Government. In these documents PAUlUS is listed as; Paulus Buliut, Baullus Balliett and Baullus Balliet." From "History of Northampton, Lehigh, Monroe, Carbon & Schuylkill Counties" by Daniel Rupp pg 21 "March 11, 1752 Northampton County erected from upper Bucks. A petition for a township: Names Paul Pollyard (Balliot) From "Wills of Northampton County 1752-1850" on file at Courthouse in Easton, Pa. Will #758 Wb1-180-1777	Paulus Balliet
46	Obit Oil City Derrick, January 5, 1968: Mrs. Stewart, 94, Parker, Dies In Home: Mrs. Elizabeth Stewart, 94, of Parker RD 1 died at 11:50 p.m. Wednesday in her home. She was born in West Monteray, August 26, 1873, a daughter of Samuel and Suzannah McCoy Bartley. Mrs. Stewart was a lifelong resident of Perry Township, Clarion County, and a member of the Concord Presbyterian Church. On July 16, 1899, she was married to Samuel Stewart who died in July 1963. She is survived by one son, Lloyd of Parker RD 1; one sister, Miss Blanche Bartley of Dutch Hill; two grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. A daughter, Flora Kelly; a son, Doyle Stewart; two brothers and one sister preceded her in death. Friends will be received at the Hawk Funeral Home in Sligo from 2 to 4 p.m. and 7 to 9 p.m. today. Services will be conducted in the funeral home at 2 p.m. Saturday with the Rev. Albert Siemon, pastor of the Concord Presbyterian Church, officiating. Interment will be in the Concord Cemetery.	Elizabeth Bartley
47	Oil City Derrick, Monday, February 28, 1966 Sligo - Dimple Marie Burns of Sligo, a member of many women's organizatins, died Saturday in her home. She was 67. Born January 18, 1899, in Callensburg, she was the daughter of John and Elizabeth Flak Beer. She married Homer Burns. He preceded her in death in 1933. Mrs. Burns was a member of the Methodist Church of Sligo and the CIC Class and the Women's Society of Christian Service of that church. She also was a member of Lady Priscilla Rebekah Lodge of Sligo, the American Legion Auxiliary of Sligo and the Democratic Women's Club of Clarion. One son, two daughters, one sister and one brother preceded her in death. Removal was made to the Hawk Funeral Home in Sligo, where friends may call from 7 to 9 p.m. today and until the time of services Tuesday. Funeral services will be conducted at 2 p.m. Tuesday in the funeral home, with Rev. David Griffith, pastor of the Sligo Methodist Church, officiating. Interment will follow in the Sligo Cemetery.	Dimple Marie Beer
48	BEER, JOHN MILTON — John Milton Beer was born October 25, 1859, and died at his late home near Callensburg, Pa., March 7, 1930. He is survived by his widow, Mary Elizabeth Beer, two sons, J. W. (John Wilbur) of Perryville; and H.R., of Knox; two daughters, Mrs. Fred McKinney and Mrs. Homer Burns of Sligo; two brothers W.A. Beer , Arcata, Calif. and B. F. Beer, Moundsville, W. Va., also 19 grandchildren and 3 great grandchildren. In young manhood Mr. Beer was one of the successful school teachers of this section, many of his old pupils speaking very highly at this time of his ability as an instructor. Later he followed the carpenter trade and was for a number of years Justice of the Peace of Licking township. He was for many years a member of the I.O.O.F., of Callensburg and the impressive burial service of the Order was carried out at the grave. The services at the home Sunday at 1:30 p.m. were conducted by Rev. E. C. Hasenplug, of the M.E. church. Source: "The Clarion Democrat" - Mar. 13, 1930 - page 5	John Milton Beer
49	Katherine Mildred McKinney June 10, 1954 Burial 6/13/1954 Sligo Survivors Notes Daughters: Mrs. Mary Whitten and Mrs. Ruby Siehl Sons: Ralph and Frederick McKinney Brother: Wilbur Beers Sister: Mrs. Dimple Burns Daughter of Mr. & Mrs. J, M. Beers. Married Fred McKinney on May 30,1906	Kathern Mildred Beer
50	Egle, Pennsylvania Genealogies, page 227, states that she died in Derry Township, dauphin County, Pennsylvania. (Note to file by J. P. Rhein)	Elizabeth Bertram